摘要
Reproductive health encompasses the entire spectrum of reproductive processes and functions throughout a person’s life,playing a vital role in the harmonious development of populations,economies,and societies.This critical aspect has garnered increasing global attention.Ensuring sexual and reproductive health stands as a fundamental step toward achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)by 2030[1].Despite extensive efforts,both China and the world at large confront a multitude of reproductive challenges.These challenges encompass declining fertility rates[2,3],high prevalence of birth defects,and the presence of various reproductive diseases that threaten fetal development.These issues contribute to emotional distress,relationship problems,social stigmatization,and an increased risk of adult-onset diseases,imposing a significant burden on individuals and society[2].In the realm of human reproductive health research,epidemiological approaches have played a pivotal role.
