The objectives of this study were to evaluate growth, yield and nutrients removal of five cassava cultivars planted by different planting methods in late rainy season of northeastern Thailand. A split plot design was ...The objectives of this study were to evaluate growth, yield and nutrients removal of five cassava cultivars planted by different planting methods in late rainy season of northeastern Thailand. A split plot design was used in this study. The planting methods (vertical and horizontal) were assigned as main-plots. Cassava cultivars (Rayong-7, Rayong-11, Rayong-72, Huaybong-80 and E-dum) were assigned as sub-plots with four replications. Results showed that vertical planting gave significantly higher fresh storage root yield than those of horizontal planting, across five cassava cultivars. The cultivar Rayong-7 produced maximum fresh storage root yield across two planting methods, but not significantly different from Rayong 11, Huaybong 80 and Edum cultivars. Irrespective of nutrient removal, N, P and K removed ranges from 2.9 - 3.6, 0.8 - 1.3 and 5.3 - 7.9 kg per ton fresh root weight, respectively depending on cassava cultivar. The cultivar Rayong-7 removed the highest quantities of N, and the cultivar Rayong-11 removed maximum of P and K in the present study. Regardless of nutrient removal at different plant parts;N, P and K removed maximum quantities in leaf, stem and storage root, respectively. Planting method had no significant effect on N and P removal, but significant effect on K removal. The vertical planting removed K higher than those of horizontal planting.展开更多
The planting of upland rice is one cropping option in area with limited water availability and low soil fertility in North and Northeast Thailand. The varietal selection was determined by grain yield potential, wide a...The planting of upland rice is one cropping option in area with limited water availability and low soil fertility in North and Northeast Thailand. The varietal selection was determined by grain yield potential, wide adaptation, and good stability. This study was aimed at evaluation of indigenous upland rice germplasm for yield and yield stability in multi-locations. Thirty-six upland rice genotypes collected from six provinces of the North and Northeast Thailand and one check variety （Sewmaejan） were assessed under five locations in the rainy seasons of 2009 and 2010. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotype grain yield was highly affected by location （59.90%）, followed by genotypes （G）xlocation （L） interaction （12.80%） and genotype （6.79%）. The most suitable location for the genotype eval- uation was L3 （Khon Kaen-KKU 10） which associated with stability of grain yield for all genotypes. Furthermore, biplot and regression analysis indicated that genotype numbers 6 （Jaowmong 1）, 10 （Neawmong 1）, 18 （Neawdum 1）, 19 （Leamna）, 20 （Prayaleamkang）, 32 （Kunwang 2）, and 33 （Kunwang 3） showed great yield stability over five locations. The genotypes will be applicant for upland rice production area and parental base in breeding program.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of combination treatments of cisplatin and KK4 and ICG15042 peanut testa extracts against cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro.Methods:The growth inhibition,cell cycle arrest and apopt...Objective:To investigate the effect of combination treatments of cisplatin and KK4 and ICG15042 peanut testa extracts against cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro.Methods:The growth inhibition,cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry analysis,respectively.The levels of proteins involved in apoptosis were assessed using Western blotting assays.The caspase activity was assessed using a colorimetric caspase activity assay.Results:Cisplatin and peanut(KK4 and ICG15042)testa extracts inhibited the growth of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines(KKUM214 and KKU-100 cells)in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The combination treatments reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells more efficiently than singledrug treatments.Cancer cell death synergistically mediated by cisplatin and peanut testa extracts was observed in KKU-M214 cells(combination index<1.0)but not in KKU-100 cells(combination index>1.0).The combination treatments also increased the subG1 population and caused KKU-M214 cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phases,which were the combined effects of cisplatin(S phase arrest)and peanut testa extracts(G2/M phase arrest).In addition,p ERK1/2,Ac-H3,Bcl-2 and proteins related to apoptosis,including Bax and caspases 3,8,9,exhibited enhanced expression in KKUM214 cells.The combination treatments caused down-regulation of p53,whereas the expression of p21 was fairly constant when compared with cisplatin single drug treatment.Conclusions:Peanut testa extracts in combination with cisplatin synergistically reduce cell viability and induce apoptosis through stimulation of caspases 3,8 and 9 in KKU-M214 cells.展开更多
As a developing country, Thailand has a significant issue with diffuse pollution of the soil ecosystem due to an indiscriminate use of agrichemicals and poorly regulated disposal of a wide variety of hazardous wastes....As a developing country, Thailand has a significant issue with diffuse pollution of the soil ecosystem due to an indiscriminate use of agrichemicals and poorly regulated disposal of a wide variety of hazardous wastes. Practical risk assessment tools based on locallyoccurring species are needed to assess the effects of diffuse pollutants on the soil ecosystem in Thailand because reliance on soil criteria developed for overseas conditions may provide inadequate protection. Native soil organisms in Thailand may be more or less sensitive to contaminants compared to overseas test species. This article described a biological indicator approach for ecological risk assessment of diffuse pollution in the soil ecosystem of Thailand from pesticide application with the aim of developing standardized protocols using native species and locally generated data to better evaluate the ecological risks of non-point source soil pollution. It was found that ecotoxicological assessment provided a better understanding of the ecological impacts that diffuse pollution induced on Thai environmental conditions. Thai soil biota species were more sensitive to soil contaminants than similar species overseas. Soil series also had an influence on the ecotoxicology of contaminants to soil biota. Collembolan, Cyphoderus sp., was demonstrated as a useful alternative test species to Folsomia candida （international test species） for terrestrial ecotoxicological testing of Thai soils. In addition, the soil biota activities such as soil respiration and earthworm avoidance including soil biodiversity and the litter bag decomposition technique are also good tools to assess the effects of diffuse pollution by pesticides on the soil ecosystem of Thailand.展开更多
文摘The objectives of this study were to evaluate growth, yield and nutrients removal of five cassava cultivars planted by different planting methods in late rainy season of northeastern Thailand. A split plot design was used in this study. The planting methods (vertical and horizontal) were assigned as main-plots. Cassava cultivars (Rayong-7, Rayong-11, Rayong-72, Huaybong-80 and E-dum) were assigned as sub-plots with four replications. Results showed that vertical planting gave significantly higher fresh storage root yield than those of horizontal planting, across five cassava cultivars. The cultivar Rayong-7 produced maximum fresh storage root yield across two planting methods, but not significantly different from Rayong 11, Huaybong 80 and Edum cultivars. Irrespective of nutrient removal, N, P and K removed ranges from 2.9 - 3.6, 0.8 - 1.3 and 5.3 - 7.9 kg per ton fresh root weight, respectively depending on cassava cultivar. The cultivar Rayong-7 removed the highest quantities of N, and the cultivar Rayong-11 removed maximum of P and K in the present study. Regardless of nutrient removal at different plant parts;N, P and K removed maximum quantities in leaf, stem and storage root, respectively. Planting method had no significant effect on N and P removal, but significant effect on K removal. The vertical planting removed K higher than those of horizontal planting.
基金supported by the Plant Breeding Research Centre for Sustainable Agriculture and Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology for Sustainable Economy,Khon Kaen University,Thailandthe Faculty of Agriculture at Khon Kaen University for providing financial support for manuscript preparation activities
文摘The planting of upland rice is one cropping option in area with limited water availability and low soil fertility in North and Northeast Thailand. The varietal selection was determined by grain yield potential, wide adaptation, and good stability. This study was aimed at evaluation of indigenous upland rice germplasm for yield and yield stability in multi-locations. Thirty-six upland rice genotypes collected from six provinces of the North and Northeast Thailand and one check variety （Sewmaejan） were assessed under five locations in the rainy seasons of 2009 and 2010. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotype grain yield was highly affected by location （59.90%）, followed by genotypes （G）xlocation （L） interaction （12.80%） and genotype （6.79%）. The most suitable location for the genotype eval- uation was L3 （Khon Kaen-KKU 10） which associated with stability of grain yield for all genotypes. Furthermore, biplot and regression analysis indicated that genotype numbers 6 （Jaowmong 1）, 10 （Neawmong 1）, 18 （Neawdum 1）, 19 （Leamna）, 20 （Prayaleamkang）, 32 （Kunwang 2）, and 33 （Kunwang 3） showed great yield stability over five locations. The genotypes will be applicant for upland rice production area and parental base in breeding program.
基金supported by the Thailand Research Fund for providing financial support through the Senior Research Scholar Project of Prof.Dr.Sanun Jogloy(Project no.RTA6180002)partially supported by the National Research Council of Thailand through Khon Kaen University,Thailand
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of combination treatments of cisplatin and KK4 and ICG15042 peanut testa extracts against cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro.Methods:The growth inhibition,cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry analysis,respectively.The levels of proteins involved in apoptosis were assessed using Western blotting assays.The caspase activity was assessed using a colorimetric caspase activity assay.Results:Cisplatin and peanut(KK4 and ICG15042)testa extracts inhibited the growth of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines(KKUM214 and KKU-100 cells)in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The combination treatments reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells more efficiently than singledrug treatments.Cancer cell death synergistically mediated by cisplatin and peanut testa extracts was observed in KKU-M214 cells(combination index<1.0)but not in KKU-100 cells(combination index>1.0).The combination treatments also increased the subG1 population and caused KKU-M214 cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phases,which were the combined effects of cisplatin(S phase arrest)and peanut testa extracts(G2/M phase arrest).In addition,p ERK1/2,Ac-H3,Bcl-2 and proteins related to apoptosis,including Bax and caspases 3,8,9,exhibited enhanced expression in KKUM214 cells.The combination treatments caused down-regulation of p53,whereas the expression of p21 was fairly constant when compared with cisplatin single drug treatment.Conclusions:Peanut testa extracts in combination with cisplatin synergistically reduce cell viability and induce apoptosis through stimulation of caspases 3,8 and 9 in KKU-M214 cells.
基金the research project of "Environmental Impact of Waste Product from Citric Acid Plant" and "Ecological Risk Assessments as Contaminated-Land Biomonitoring Tool for Sustainable Land Use in Thailand" supported by Groundwater Research Centre financial support from Khon Kaen University,Thailand.
文摘As a developing country, Thailand has a significant issue with diffuse pollution of the soil ecosystem due to an indiscriminate use of agrichemicals and poorly regulated disposal of a wide variety of hazardous wastes. Practical risk assessment tools based on locallyoccurring species are needed to assess the effects of diffuse pollutants on the soil ecosystem in Thailand because reliance on soil criteria developed for overseas conditions may provide inadequate protection. Native soil organisms in Thailand may be more or less sensitive to contaminants compared to overseas test species. This article described a biological indicator approach for ecological risk assessment of diffuse pollution in the soil ecosystem of Thailand from pesticide application with the aim of developing standardized protocols using native species and locally generated data to better evaluate the ecological risks of non-point source soil pollution. It was found that ecotoxicological assessment provided a better understanding of the ecological impacts that diffuse pollution induced on Thai environmental conditions. Thai soil biota species were more sensitive to soil contaminants than similar species overseas. Soil series also had an influence on the ecotoxicology of contaminants to soil biota. Collembolan, Cyphoderus sp., was demonstrated as a useful alternative test species to Folsomia candida （international test species） for terrestrial ecotoxicological testing of Thai soils. In addition, the soil biota activities such as soil respiration and earthworm avoidance including soil biodiversity and the litter bag decomposition technique are also good tools to assess the effects of diffuse pollution by pesticides on the soil ecosystem of Thailand.
