In 2022,four earthquakes with M_(S)≥6.0 including the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 and Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquakes occurred in the North-South Seismic Zone(NSSZ),which demonstrated high and strong seismicity.Pattern Informatics(...In 2022,four earthquakes with M_(S)≥6.0 including the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 and Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquakes occurred in the North-South Seismic Zone(NSSZ),which demonstrated high and strong seismicity.Pattern Informatics(PI)method,as an effective long and medium term earthquake forecasting method,has been applied to the strong earthquake forecasting in Chinese mainland and results have shown the positive performance.The earthquake catalog with magnitude above M_(S)3.0 since 1970 provided by China Earthquake Networks Center was employed in this study and the Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)method was applied to test the forecasting efficiency of the PI method in each selected region related to the North-South Seismic Zone systematically.Based on this,we selected the area with the best ROC testing result and analyzed the evolution process of the PI hotspot map reflecting the small seismic activity pattern prior to the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 and Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquakes.A“forward”forecast for the area was carried out to assess seismic risk.The study shows the following.1)PI forecasting has higher forecasting efficiency in the selected study region where the difference of seismicity in any place of the region is smaller.2)In areas with smaller differences of seismicity,the activity pattern of small earthquakes prior to the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 and Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquakes can be obtained by analyzing the spatio-temporal evolution process of the PI hotspot map.3)The hotspot evolution in and around the southern Tazang fault in the study area is similar to that prior to the strong earthquakes,which suggests the possible seismic hazard in the future.This study could provide some ideas to the seismic hazard assessment in other regions with high seismicity,such as Japan,Californi,Turkey,and Indonesia.展开更多
With the national economy’s transition from a planning one to a market one, the factors affecting regional economic pattern has changed greatly. In this paper we first construct an index system for evaluating competi...With the national economy’s transition from a planning one to a market one, the factors affecting regional economic pattern has changed greatly. In this paper we first construct an index system for evaluating competitiveness of Chinese cities based on modern competitive advantage theory. With principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods, we compare the factors affecling cities’ integrated competitiveness in 1990 and 1997. We find that four major factors are capital (including investment, FDI and urban financial revenue ), urban ithestructure (transporiation and communication, urbanization level, education etc. ), industrial performance and structure, degree of market openness and that these factors have become more advanced and complicated since 1990. Most Chinese cities are transforming from productive factors-oriented type to investment-oriented type and a few are becoming innovation oriented. The integrated competitiveness is closely related to cities’ scale, urban function, regional policy and degree of market openness and displays an uneven spatial pattern. The difference between the south and the north and the difference between the west and the east co-exist bul the former has been more larger. Finally, we discuss the mechanism behind the pattern and attribute the unevenness to change of factors dominating the cities’ compehtiveness regional innovation capacity and geographical differenceof traditional culture.展开更多
Based on the information from forest resources distribution maps of Luoning County of 1983 and 1999, six indices were used to analyze spatial patterns and dynamics of forest landscapes of t...Based on the information from forest resources distribution maps of Luoning County of 1983 and 1999, six indices were used to analyze spatial patterns and dynamics of forest landscapes of the typical region in the middle of the Yihe-Luohe river basin. These indices include patch number, mean patch area, fragment index, patch extension index, etc. The results showed that: (1) There was a rapid increase in the number of patch and total area from 1983 to 1999 in the study area. The fragment degree became very high. (2) The area of all the forest patch types had witnessed great changes. The fractal degree of each forest patch type became big from 1983 to 1999. The mean extension index of Robinia pseudoacacia forest, non-forest, shrub forest, sparse forest, and Quercus species forest increased rapidly, but that of economic forest became zero. The fractal dimension each showed that forest coverage has been promoted. (3) The changes of landscape patterns were different in different geomorphic regions. From 1983 to 1999 the vegetation cover area, the gross number and the density of patch, diversity and evenness of landscape were all reduced greatly in gullies and ravines, but the maximum area and the mean area of patch types were increased. In hilly region, both the forest cover area and the number of patch increased from 1983 to 1999, but the mean area of patch was reduced greatly. In mountain region, even though the area under forest canopy reduced from 1983 to 1999, the patch number was increased greatly, the mean area of all patch types was reduced, the extension index, diversity index and evenness index of landscape were all increased. Furthermore, because of different types of land use, human activity and terrain, the vegetation changes on northern and southern mountain slopes were different. According to these analyses, the main driving forces, such as the policies of management, market economy, influence of human activities etc. are brought out.展开更多
This study aimed to compare the distribution patterns and trends of plant parts used among different groups of medicinal plants, geographical regions,and between medicinal plants and all vascular plants.We used the pu...This study aimed to compare the distribution patterns and trends of plant parts used among different groups of medicinal plants, geographical regions,and between medicinal plants and all vascular plants.We used the published sources for elevation records of 2,331 medicinal plant species to interpolate presence between minimum and maximum elevations and estimated medicinal plant richness for each 100-m elevational band. Monte Carlo simulations were used to test whether differences in elevational distribution between different groups of medicinal plants were significant. Total number of medicinal plants as well as different groups showed unimodal relationship with elevation. The elevational distributions of medicinal plants significantly differ between regions and between medicinal plant groups.When comparing the richness of all medicinal plants to all vascular plants,Monte Carlo simulations indicated that the numbers of medicinal plants are higher than expected at low elevations.The highest richness of medicinal plants at low elevation could be possibly due to favorable environmental factors such as high temperature, rainfall,sunlight or due to higher density of human population and thus higher pressure on use of any plants in lower elevations.展开更多
Based on the flood affected area （FA） data of the provinces in China from 1950 to 2005, the article discusses the change of the flood patterns in China, and investigates its relationship with climate change and huma...Based on the flood affected area （FA） data of the provinces in China from 1950 to 2005, the article discusses the change of the flood patterns in China, and investigates its relationship with climate change and human activities. The flood center shifted from North China and the Yangtze-Huaihe basin in the 1950s towards the south, north and west of China, and located in the south of the Yangtze River and South China after the 1990s. The FA in the western provinces was continuously on the rise since the 1950s. There are two characteristics for the future flood pattem in China. The pattern of ＂flood in the south and drought in the north＂ depends on the north-south shift of the maximum rainfall region in eastern China. The flood intensification to the west of Hu Huanyong＇s line mainly results from the increase of rainfall, extreme precipitation and the melting of glaciers under the background of human activity magnification.展开更多
This paper intends to investigate the urban spatial patterns of Hubei Province and its evolution from three different perspectives: urban nodes, urban connections and urban clusters. The research adopts nighttime ligh...This paper intends to investigate the urban spatial patterns of Hubei Province and its evolution from three different perspectives: urban nodes, urban connections and urban clusters. The research adopts nighttime light imagery of cities in Hubei Province, the viewpoint of ′point-axis-area′ in the ′point-axis system′ theory, and employs light index model, gravity model and social network analysis. The findings are as follows: 1) In terms of urban nodes, the urbanization process of Hubei has been carried out mainly on the basis of external expansion rather than internal increasing. The polarization trend of urban connection network is strengthening. 2) As for urban connections, the estimation of urban connections using light index model is capable of containing various actual flow, and the connections are getting increasingly closer. 3) In regard to urban groups, seven urban groups of varying sizes have formed. On that basis, three stable and relatively independent urban groups as the centers, namely Wuchang, Yichang and Xiangyang emerge as well. But the structures of ′Wuhan Metropolitan Area′, ′Yichang-Jingzhou-Jingmen City Group′ and ′Xiangyang-Shiyen-Suizhou City Group′, which are defined by local development strategy in Hubei Province, are different from the above three urban groups.展开更多
Study on landscape spatial pattern in the center of Chengdu City is based on the Landsat-8 image by using 3S technique and spatial pattern analysis software Fragstats 3.3. The results showed that there covered an area...Study on landscape spatial pattern in the center of Chengdu City is based on the Landsat-8 image by using 3S technique and spatial pattern analysis software Fragstats 3.3. The results showed that there covered an area of 193.92 km<sup>2</sup> in the center of Chengdu City. 55.24% of the total area was made up of buildings, covering an area of 107.12 km<sup>2</sup>, and the overall landscape of impervious ground-based. There were 22,666 patches;29.67% of the patches were roads. The human interference of buildings, roads and green space was a maximum;fragmentation of the highest was green space. The fragmentation of overall urban landscape was high;the diversity was low;the value of Shannon’s diversity index was 0.63;the value of Shannon’s evenness index was 0.70. All kinds of landscape distribution were not balanced, and lack of connectivity. This research puts important reference for creating good urban landscape space and restoring the natural ecological environment in the western regions of China.展开更多
Maximum frequent pattern generation from a large database of transactions and items for association rule mining is an important research topic in data mining. Association rule mining aims to discover interesting corre...Maximum frequent pattern generation from a large database of transactions and items for association rule mining is an important research topic in data mining. Association rule mining aims to discover interesting correlations, frequent patterns, associations, or causal structures between items hidden in a large database. By exploiting quantum computing, we propose an efficient quantum search algorithm design to discover the maximum frequent patterns. We modified Grover’s search algorithm so that a subspace of arbitrary symmetric states is used instead of the whole search space. We presented a novel quantum oracle design that employs a quantum counter to count the maximum frequent items and a quantum comparator to check with a minimum support threshold. The proposed derived algorithm increases the rate of the correct solutions since the search is only in a subspace. Furthermore, our algorithm significantly scales and optimizes the required number of qubits in design, which directly reflected positively on the performance. Our proposed design can accommodate more transactions and items and still have a good performance with a small number of qubits.展开更多
Sleeve pattern design of men’ s tailored - suit is one of the most difficult problems of clothing pattern design. Based on the experimental studies of armhole girth, the difference of armhole width and crown height, ...Sleeve pattern design of men’ s tailored - suit is one of the most difficult problems of clothing pattern design. Based on the experimental studies of armhole girth, the difference of armhole width and crown height, crown angle, under sleeve curve’s diagonal line length, crown ease and its distribution rule, this paper mainly deals with the sleeve pattern design of tailored - suit for Chinese men. The influences of these factors are discussed and furthermore, some qualitative, quantifiable conclusions are drawn to design perfect pattern of men’ s tailored - suit sleeve.展开更多
AIM： To examine the fetal and neonatal esophagogastric junction region （EGJ） histologically for the presence of an equivalent to adult cardiac mucosa （CM）; to study the expression patterns of all cytokeratins （C...AIM： To examine the fetal and neonatal esophagogastric junction region （EGJ） histologically for the presence of an equivalent to adult cardiac mucosa （CM）; to study the expression patterns of all cytokeratins （CK） relevant to the EGJ during gestation; to compare the CK profile of the gestational and the adult EGJ; and to determine the degree of development in the adult EGJ histology and CK profile during gestation. METHODS： Forty-eight fetal autopsy specimens of the EGJ were step-sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin （H＆E） to select sections showing the mucosal lining. Immunohistochemistry for CK5, 7, 8, 13, 18, 19, and 20 was performed. Antibody staining was then graded for location, intensity, and degree. RESULTS： The distal esophagus was lined by simple columnar epithelium from 12-wk gestational age （GA）. The proximal part of this segment consisted of mucusproducing epithelium, devoid of parietal cells. CK5 and 13 were present exclusively in multilayered epithelia and CK8, 18, and 19 predominantly in simple columnar epithelium. There were no differences in the frequencies of the coordinate CK7＋/20＋ and the CK7-/20- immunophenotypes between different locations. The prevalence of the CK7＋/ 20- immunophenotype decreased, and that of the CK7-/ 20＋ immunophenotype increased significantly from the distal esophagus to the distal stomach. CONCLUSION： Fetal columnar-lined lower esophagus （fetal CLE） may be the equivalent and precursor of the short segments of columnar epithelium found in the distal esophagus of some normal adult subjects. Esophageal simple columnar epithelium without parietal cells （ESN） may be the precursor of adult CM. The similarities between the fetal and adult EGJ and stomach CK expression pattems support the conclusion that adult CN has an identifiable precursor in the fetus. This would then indicate that at least a part of the adult CM has a congenital origin.展开更多
The process of rapid change in the Arctic is creating both opportunities and challenges. This paper highlights interactions between different actors in the Arctic in response to multidimensional environmental, politic...The process of rapid change in the Arctic is creating both opportunities and challenges. This paper highlights interactions between different actors in the Arctic in response to multidimensional environmental, political, commercial, and human challenges. It shows that international governance in the Arctic can be characterized by global, multilateral, and regional patterns derived from different mechanisms such as the Arctic Council or the Ilulissat declaration platform, and these interactions are based on common acknowledgment of challenges, mutual interests, and coordinated actions. The paper also examines China＇s participation in international governance in the Arctic. Distinguish from non-Arctic states in a general sense, China as an important stakeholder has both the rights and the capacity to be engaged in multilevel governance patterns. The substantive contribution of China＇s participation--an explorer in scientific cooperation, a pioneer promoting environmental protection, a potential consumer and investor in relation to economic opportunities, and a promoter of local development^are deeply interdepended with the future of development of three ~overnance patterns relatin~ to international ~overnance in the Arctic.展开更多
The successful face recognition based on local binary pattern(LBP)relies on the effective extraction of LBP features and the inferring of similarity between the extracted features.In this paper,we focus on the latter ...The successful face recognition based on local binary pattern(LBP)relies on the effective extraction of LBP features and the inferring of similarity between the extracted features.In this paper,we focus on the latter and propose two novel similarity measures for the local matching methods and the holistic matching methods respectively.One is Earth Mover's Distance with Hamming and Lp ground distance(EMD-HammingLp),which is a cross-bin dissimilarity measure for LBP histograms.The other is IMage Hamming Distance(IMHD),which is a dissimilarity measure for the whole LBP images.Experiments on FERET database show that the proposed two similarity measures outperform the state-of-the-art Chi-square similarity measure for extraction of LBP features.展开更多
Although the threat of cybercrime is said to expand year by year recently, an actual impact of the threat has not estimated in Japan due to several reasons including inadequate statistics of cybercrime. The purpose of...Although the threat of cybercrime is said to expand year by year recently, an actual impact of the threat has not estimated in Japan due to several reasons including inadequate statistics of cybercrime. The purpose of this study is to estimate the volume of cybercrime in Japan and identify its characteristics based on the result of cybercrime victimization survey conducted by the study group for cybercrime of Nihon University （NU） in 2016. The study group obtained a cybercrime victimization rate of 5.36% and concluded that cybercrime victimization in Japan is quite serious comparing with other survey results and crime statistics. Furthermore, the study group explored how to figure out cybercrime victimization more precisely based on characteristics of cybercrime obtained by this survey and proposed a couple of appropriate measures to cope with cybercrime.展开更多
Cairo city, being the Egypt’s industrial and cultural center, has a problem of rapid urban sprawl. The city has an extremely high population density which is continuously increasing through informal settlements that ...Cairo city, being the Egypt’s industrial and cultural center, has a problem of rapid urban sprawl. The city has an extremely high population density which is continuously increasing through informal settlements that grow by sprawling due to migration from the Nile Delta villages and the high population growth rates. The present study attempts to understand, detect and quantify the spatial pattern of Cairo’s urban sprawl using Shannon’s entropy and multi-temporal Landsat TM and ETM images acquired for the period from 1984 to 2013. Supervised classification was applied to extract the built-up areas and to measure the changes in the urban land-use class among the city wards. Shannon’s entropy was applied to model the city’s urban sprawl, trend and spatial change. The entropy values for the city’s electoral wards were modeled and used in an interpolation function to create an entropy surface (index) for each acquired temporal image. Such index indicates the spatial pattern of the urban sprawl and provides a visual comparison of the entropy phenomenon in such wards. Results indicate that Shannon’s entropy index increased from (1.4615) in year 1984 to (2.1023) in year 2013, indicating more dispersed urban growth, a sign of urban sprawl. The maximum entropy values are found in the eastern wards namely El Nozha, Awal Nasr District, Thany Nasr-District, El Salam, El Marg and El Bassatein. A regression analysis was carried for the population growth rate and the built-up areas. Findings help in understanding the sprawl patterns and dynamics among Cairo’s electoral wards and provide a visual comparison. The applied methodology provides explanations and facilitates tracing and measuring the urban sprawl which is needed by decision makers and city planners of mega cities.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China Study on the Theory and Methods of Deterministic-Probabilistic(No.U2039207)the National Key Research and Development Program of China‘CSEP China in the Context of China Seismic Experimental Site’(No.2018YFE0109700).
文摘In 2022,four earthquakes with M_(S)≥6.0 including the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 and Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquakes occurred in the North-South Seismic Zone(NSSZ),which demonstrated high and strong seismicity.Pattern Informatics(PI)method,as an effective long and medium term earthquake forecasting method,has been applied to the strong earthquake forecasting in Chinese mainland and results have shown the positive performance.The earthquake catalog with magnitude above M_(S)3.0 since 1970 provided by China Earthquake Networks Center was employed in this study and the Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)method was applied to test the forecasting efficiency of the PI method in each selected region related to the North-South Seismic Zone systematically.Based on this,we selected the area with the best ROC testing result and analyzed the evolution process of the PI hotspot map reflecting the small seismic activity pattern prior to the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 and Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquakes.A“forward”forecast for the area was carried out to assess seismic risk.The study shows the following.1)PI forecasting has higher forecasting efficiency in the selected study region where the difference of seismicity in any place of the region is smaller.2)In areas with smaller differences of seismicity,the activity pattern of small earthquakes prior to the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 and Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquakes can be obtained by analyzing the spatio-temporal evolution process of the PI hotspot map.3)The hotspot evolution in and around the southern Tazang fault in the study area is similar to that prior to the strong earthquakes,which suggests the possible seismic hazard in the future.This study could provide some ideas to the seismic hazard assessment in other regions with high seismicity,such as Japan,Californi,Turkey,and Indonesia.
文摘With the national economy’s transition from a planning one to a market one, the factors affecting regional economic pattern has changed greatly. In this paper we first construct an index system for evaluating competitiveness of Chinese cities based on modern competitive advantage theory. With principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods, we compare the factors affecling cities’ integrated competitiveness in 1990 and 1997. We find that four major factors are capital (including investment, FDI and urban financial revenue ), urban ithestructure (transporiation and communication, urbanization level, education etc. ), industrial performance and structure, degree of market openness and that these factors have become more advanced and complicated since 1990. Most Chinese cities are transforming from productive factors-oriented type to investment-oriented type and a few are becoming innovation oriented. The integrated competitiveness is closely related to cities’ scale, urban function, regional policy and degree of market openness and displays an uneven spatial pattern. The difference between the south and the north and the difference between the west and the east co-exist bul the former has been more larger. Finally, we discuss the mechanism behind the pattern and attribute the unevenness to change of factors dominating the cities’ compehtiveness regional innovation capacity and geographical differenceof traditional culture.
基金Prominent Youth Science Foundation of Henan Province No.0003+2 种基金 No.9920 Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province No. 0111070100
文摘Based on the information from forest resources distribution maps of Luoning County of 1983 and 1999, six indices were used to analyze spatial patterns and dynamics of forest landscapes of the typical region in the middle of the Yihe-Luohe river basin. These indices include patch number, mean patch area, fragment index, patch extension index, etc. The results showed that: (1) There was a rapid increase in the number of patch and total area from 1983 to 1999 in the study area. The fragment degree became very high. (2) The area of all the forest patch types had witnessed great changes. The fractal degree of each forest patch type became big from 1983 to 1999. The mean extension index of Robinia pseudoacacia forest, non-forest, shrub forest, sparse forest, and Quercus species forest increased rapidly, but that of economic forest became zero. The fractal dimension each showed that forest coverage has been promoted. (3) The changes of landscape patterns were different in different geomorphic regions. From 1983 to 1999 the vegetation cover area, the gross number and the density of patch, diversity and evenness of landscape were all reduced greatly in gullies and ravines, but the maximum area and the mean area of patch types were increased. In hilly region, both the forest cover area and the number of patch increased from 1983 to 1999, but the mean area of patch was reduced greatly. In mountain region, even though the area under forest canopy reduced from 1983 to 1999, the patch number was increased greatly, the mean area of all patch types was reduced, the extension index, diversity index and evenness index of landscape were all increased. Furthermore, because of different types of land use, human activity and terrain, the vegetation changes on northern and southern mountain slopes were different. According to these analyses, the main driving forces, such as the policies of management, market economy, influence of human activities etc. are brought out.
基金supported by GACR 526/09/0549and partly by AV0Z60050516
文摘This study aimed to compare the distribution patterns and trends of plant parts used among different groups of medicinal plants, geographical regions,and between medicinal plants and all vascular plants.We used the published sources for elevation records of 2,331 medicinal plant species to interpolate presence between minimum and maximum elevations and estimated medicinal plant richness for each 100-m elevational band. Monte Carlo simulations were used to test whether differences in elevational distribution between different groups of medicinal plants were significant. Total number of medicinal plants as well as different groups showed unimodal relationship with elevation. The elevational distributions of medicinal plants significantly differ between regions and between medicinal plant groups.When comparing the richness of all medicinal plants to all vascular plants,Monte Carlo simulations indicated that the numbers of medicinal plants are higher than expected at low elevations.The highest richness of medicinal plants at low elevation could be possibly due to favorable environmental factors such as high temperature, rainfall,sunlight or due to higher density of human population and thus higher pressure on use of any plants in lower elevations.
基金funded by the key program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40730635)Commonweal and Specialized Program for Scientific Research,Ministry of Water Resources of China (Grant No.2007011024)
文摘Based on the flood affected area （FA） data of the provinces in China from 1950 to 2005, the article discusses the change of the flood patterns in China, and investigates its relationship with climate change and human activities. The flood center shifted from North China and the Yangtze-Huaihe basin in the 1950s towards the south, north and west of China, and located in the south of the Yangtze River and South China after the 1990s. The FA in the western provinces was continuously on the rise since the 1950s. There are two characteristics for the future flood pattem in China. The pattern of ＂flood in the south and drought in the north＂ depends on the north-south shift of the maximum rainfall region in eastern China. The flood intensification to the west of Hu Huanyong＇s line mainly results from the increase of rainfall, extreme precipitation and the melting of glaciers under the background of human activity magnification.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41001100,41371183)Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of Ministry of Education in China(No.15YJCZH174)+1 种基金Humanities Sciences Foundation of Ministry of Hubei Province(No.15YJCZH174)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.CCNU15A06069,CCNU15ZD001)
文摘This paper intends to investigate the urban spatial patterns of Hubei Province and its evolution from three different perspectives: urban nodes, urban connections and urban clusters. The research adopts nighttime light imagery of cities in Hubei Province, the viewpoint of ′point-axis-area′ in the ′point-axis system′ theory, and employs light index model, gravity model and social network analysis. The findings are as follows: 1) In terms of urban nodes, the urbanization process of Hubei has been carried out mainly on the basis of external expansion rather than internal increasing. The polarization trend of urban connection network is strengthening. 2) As for urban connections, the estimation of urban connections using light index model is capable of containing various actual flow, and the connections are getting increasingly closer. 3) In regard to urban groups, seven urban groups of varying sizes have formed. On that basis, three stable and relatively independent urban groups as the centers, namely Wuchang, Yichang and Xiangyang emerge as well. But the structures of ′Wuhan Metropolitan Area′, ′Yichang-Jingzhou-Jingmen City Group′ and ′Xiangyang-Shiyen-Suizhou City Group′, which are defined by local development strategy in Hubei Province, are different from the above three urban groups.
文摘Study on landscape spatial pattern in the center of Chengdu City is based on the Landsat-8 image by using 3S technique and spatial pattern analysis software Fragstats 3.3. The results showed that there covered an area of 193.92 km<sup>2</sup> in the center of Chengdu City. 55.24% of the total area was made up of buildings, covering an area of 107.12 km<sup>2</sup>, and the overall landscape of impervious ground-based. There were 22,666 patches;29.67% of the patches were roads. The human interference of buildings, roads and green space was a maximum;fragmentation of the highest was green space. The fragmentation of overall urban landscape was high;the diversity was low;the value of Shannon’s diversity index was 0.63;the value of Shannon’s evenness index was 0.70. All kinds of landscape distribution were not balanced, and lack of connectivity. This research puts important reference for creating good urban landscape space and restoring the natural ecological environment in the western regions of China.
文摘Maximum frequent pattern generation from a large database of transactions and items for association rule mining is an important research topic in data mining. Association rule mining aims to discover interesting correlations, frequent patterns, associations, or causal structures between items hidden in a large database. By exploiting quantum computing, we propose an efficient quantum search algorithm design to discover the maximum frequent patterns. We modified Grover’s search algorithm so that a subspace of arbitrary symmetric states is used instead of the whole search space. We presented a novel quantum oracle design that employs a quantum counter to count the maximum frequent items and a quantum comparator to check with a minimum support threshold. The proposed derived algorithm increases the rate of the correct solutions since the search is only in a subspace. Furthermore, our algorithm significantly scales and optimizes the required number of qubits in design, which directly reflected positively on the performance. Our proposed design can accommodate more transactions and items and still have a good performance with a small number of qubits.
基金This work wus supported hy China Textile Universily and the corporatoin foundation
文摘Sleeve pattern design of men’ s tailored - suit is one of the most difficult problems of clothing pattern design. Based on the experimental studies of armhole girth, the difference of armhole width and crown height, crown angle, under sleeve curve’s diagonal line length, crown ease and its distribution rule, this paper mainly deals with the sleeve pattern design of tailored - suit for Chinese men. The influences of these factors are discussed and furthermore, some qualitative, quantifiable conclusions are drawn to design perfect pattern of men’ s tailored - suit sleeve.
文摘AIM： To examine the fetal and neonatal esophagogastric junction region （EGJ） histologically for the presence of an equivalent to adult cardiac mucosa （CM）; to study the expression patterns of all cytokeratins （CK） relevant to the EGJ during gestation; to compare the CK profile of the gestational and the adult EGJ; and to determine the degree of development in the adult EGJ histology and CK profile during gestation. METHODS： Forty-eight fetal autopsy specimens of the EGJ were step-sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin （H＆E） to select sections showing the mucosal lining. Immunohistochemistry for CK5, 7, 8, 13, 18, 19, and 20 was performed. Antibody staining was then graded for location, intensity, and degree. RESULTS： The distal esophagus was lined by simple columnar epithelium from 12-wk gestational age （GA）. The proximal part of this segment consisted of mucusproducing epithelium, devoid of parietal cells. CK5 and 13 were present exclusively in multilayered epithelia and CK8, 18, and 19 predominantly in simple columnar epithelium. There were no differences in the frequencies of the coordinate CK7＋/20＋ and the CK7-/20- immunophenotypes between different locations. The prevalence of the CK7＋/ 20- immunophenotype decreased, and that of the CK7-/ 20＋ immunophenotype increased significantly from the distal esophagus to the distal stomach. CONCLUSION： Fetal columnar-lined lower esophagus （fetal CLE） may be the equivalent and precursor of the short segments of columnar epithelium found in the distal esophagus of some normal adult subjects. Esophageal simple columnar epithelium without parietal cells （ESN） may be the precursor of adult CM. The similarities between the fetal and adult EGJ and stomach CK expression pattems support the conclusion that adult CN has an identifiable precursor in the fetus. This would then indicate that at least a part of the adult CM has a congenital origin.
基金findings of a research project titled“Arctic governance paradigm and marginal path of governance by Chinese scientist groups”(Grant no.15CGJ032)funded by the National Social Science Foundation of China
文摘The process of rapid change in the Arctic is creating both opportunities and challenges. This paper highlights interactions between different actors in the Arctic in response to multidimensional environmental, political, commercial, and human challenges. It shows that international governance in the Arctic can be characterized by global, multilateral, and regional patterns derived from different mechanisms such as the Arctic Council or the Ilulissat declaration platform, and these interactions are based on common acknowledgment of challenges, mutual interests, and coordinated actions. The paper also examines China＇s participation in international governance in the Arctic. Distinguish from non-Arctic states in a general sense, China as an important stakeholder has both the rights and the capacity to be engaged in multilevel governance patterns. The substantive contribution of China＇s participation--an explorer in scientific cooperation, a pioneer promoting environmental protection, a potential consumer and investor in relation to economic opportunities, and a promoter of local development^are deeply interdepended with the future of development of three ~overnance patterns relatin~ to international ~overnance in the Arctic.
文摘The successful face recognition based on local binary pattern(LBP)relies on the effective extraction of LBP features and the inferring of similarity between the extracted features.In this paper,we focus on the latter and propose two novel similarity measures for the local matching methods and the holistic matching methods respectively.One is Earth Mover's Distance with Hamming and Lp ground distance(EMD-HammingLp),which is a cross-bin dissimilarity measure for LBP histograms.The other is IMage Hamming Distance(IMHD),which is a dissimilarity measure for the whole LBP images.Experiments on FERET database show that the proposed two similarity measures outperform the state-of-the-art Chi-square similarity measure for extraction of LBP features.
文摘Although the threat of cybercrime is said to expand year by year recently, an actual impact of the threat has not estimated in Japan due to several reasons including inadequate statistics of cybercrime. The purpose of this study is to estimate the volume of cybercrime in Japan and identify its characteristics based on the result of cybercrime victimization survey conducted by the study group for cybercrime of Nihon University （NU） in 2016. The study group obtained a cybercrime victimization rate of 5.36% and concluded that cybercrime victimization in Japan is quite serious comparing with other survey results and crime statistics. Furthermore, the study group explored how to figure out cybercrime victimization more precisely based on characteristics of cybercrime obtained by this survey and proposed a couple of appropriate measures to cope with cybercrime.
文摘Cairo city, being the Egypt’s industrial and cultural center, has a problem of rapid urban sprawl. The city has an extremely high population density which is continuously increasing through informal settlements that grow by sprawling due to migration from the Nile Delta villages and the high population growth rates. The present study attempts to understand, detect and quantify the spatial pattern of Cairo’s urban sprawl using Shannon’s entropy and multi-temporal Landsat TM and ETM images acquired for the period from 1984 to 2013. Supervised classification was applied to extract the built-up areas and to measure the changes in the urban land-use class among the city wards. Shannon’s entropy was applied to model the city’s urban sprawl, trend and spatial change. The entropy values for the city’s electoral wards were modeled and used in an interpolation function to create an entropy surface (index) for each acquired temporal image. Such index indicates the spatial pattern of the urban sprawl and provides a visual comparison of the entropy phenomenon in such wards. Results indicate that Shannon’s entropy index increased from (1.4615) in year 1984 to (2.1023) in year 2013, indicating more dispersed urban growth, a sign of urban sprawl. The maximum entropy values are found in the eastern wards namely El Nozha, Awal Nasr District, Thany Nasr-District, El Salam, El Marg and El Bassatein. A regression analysis was carried for the population growth rate and the built-up areas. Findings help in understanding the sprawl patterns and dynamics among Cairo’s electoral wards and provide a visual comparison. The applied methodology provides explanations and facilitates tracing and measuring the urban sprawl which is needed by decision makers and city planners of mega cities.
