GAO Caixia’s group from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)has developed a new genome editing technology that achieves efficient and precise targeted inser...GAO Caixia’s group from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)has developed a new genome editing technology that achieves efficient and precise targeted insertion of large DNA segments in plants.The new technology,called prime editing-mediated recombination of opportune targets(PrimeRoot),combines an optimized dual-ePPE editor protein previously published by the group with a highly efficient tyrosine site-specific recombinase,Cre.It can achieve one-step,precise targeted insertion of large DNA segments in rice and maize with an efficiency up to 6%and has been used to successfully insert DNA segments up to 11.1 kb.展开更多
Genetically modified(GM) organisms are widely adopted. However, their safety assessments and control are still of special concern to the public. Identifying and localizing transgene insertion is an essentially prerequ...Genetically modified(GM) organisms are widely adopted. However, their safety assessments and control are still of special concern to the public. Identifying and localizing transgene insertion is an essentially prerequisite step. In this study, 2 independent transgene soybean lines were selected(LB4-AtDCGS-1-20-5-2 and CGS-ZG11) as typical cases. Both lines contained expression cassette of At-DCGS that encoding a feedback-insensitive cystathionine gamma-synthase to produce higher level methionine(Met). LB4-AtDCGS-1-20-5-2 was whole genome sequenced with one paired-end 500 bp library and two mate-paired 1 kb and 2 kb libraries using Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform. CGS-ZG11 was sequenced with only one paired-end 500 bp library. Both genomes were assembled,and 2 scaffold sequences(1 for each line) were screened out by aligning with transgene.Then the transgene insertion and its flanking regions in soybean genome were further identified and confirmed by PCR cloning and Sanger sequencing. Results showed that these 2 transgene lines had single copy of inserted transgene. Their transgene insertion contents were identified, which facilitates further safety assessment. These results indicated that genome assembly using high throughput sequencing is a powerful tool for identifying transgene insertions, even with limited knowledge.展开更多
Genomic rearrangements play a crucial role in shaping biological phenotypic diversity and driving species evolution.Synthetic chromosome rearrangement and modification by LoxP-mediated evolution(SCRaMbLE)has been appl...Genomic rearrangements play a crucial role in shaping biological phenotypic diversity and driving species evolution.Synthetic chromosome rearrangement and modification by LoxP-mediated evolution(SCRaMbLE)has been applied to explore large-scale genomic rearrangements,yet it has been observed that these rearrangements occur exclusively in genomic regions containing loxPsym sites.Here,we found that SCRaMbLE of synthetic yeast harboring synthetic chromosome V and X can generate a variety of synthetic segment insertions into wild-type chromosomes,ranging from 1 to 300 kb.Furthermore,it was revealed that the novel insertions impacted the transcriptional level of neighboring regions and affected the production of exemplar pathway of zeaxanthin.Collectively,our results improve the understanding of the ability of SCRaMbLE to generate complex structural variations in nonsynthetic regions and provide a potential model to explore genomic transposable events.展开更多
Dear Editor,Lily(Lilium spp.),known as the“king of bulbous flowers,”has high ornamental and medicinal value due to its attractive,fragrant flowers and nutritious bulbs.The Lilium genus comprises approximately 115 pe...Dear Editor,Lily(Lilium spp.),known as the“king of bulbous flowers,”has high ornamental and medicinal value due to its attractive,fragrant flowers and nutritious bulbs.The Lilium genus comprises approximately 115 perennial bulbous herbal species distributed in the Northern hemisphere,including 55 species and 18 varieties that were discovered in China.展开更多
There is nonradiative recombination in waveguide region owing to severe carrier leakage,which in turn reduces output power and wall-plug efficiency.In this paper,we designed a novel epitaxial structure,which suppresse...There is nonradiative recombination in waveguide region owing to severe carrier leakage,which in turn reduces output power and wall-plug efficiency.In this paper,we designed a novel epitaxial structure,which suppresses carrier leakage by inserting n-Ga_(0.55)In_(0.45)P and p-GaAs_(0.6)P_(0.4) between barriers and waveguide layers,respectively,to modulate the energy band structure and to increase the height of barrier.The results show that the leakage current density reduces by 87.71%,compared to traditional structure.The nonradiative recombination current density of novel structure reduces to 37.411 A/cm^(2),and the output power reaches 12.80 W with wall-plug efficiency of 78.24%at an injection current density 5 A/cm^(2) at room temperature.In addition,the temperature drift coefficient of center wavelength is 0.206 nm/℃at the temperature range from 5℃to 65℃,and the slope of fitted straight line of threshold current with temperature variation is 0.00113.The novel epitaxial structure provides a theoretical basis for achieving high-power laser diode.展开更多
Intelligent production is an important development direction in intelligent manufacturing,with intelligent factories playing a crucial role in promoting intelligent production.Flexible job shops,as the main form of in...Intelligent production is an important development direction in intelligent manufacturing,with intelligent factories playing a crucial role in promoting intelligent production.Flexible job shops,as the main form of intelligent factories,constantly face dynamic disturbances during the production process,including machine failures and urgent orders.This paper discusses the basic models and research methods of job shop scheduling,emphasizing the important role of dynamic job shop scheduling and its response schemes in future research.A multi-objective flexible job shop dynamic scheduling mathematical model is established,highlighting its complex and multi-constraint characteristics under different interferences.A classification discussion is conducted on the dynamic response methods and optimization objectives under machine failures,emergency orders,fuzzy completion times,and mixed dynamic events.The development process of traditional scheduling rules and intelligent methods in dynamic scheduling are also analyzed.Finally,based on the current development status of job shop scheduling and the requirements of intelligent manufacturing,the future development trends of dynamic scheduling in flexible job shops are proposed.展开更多
The concept of the phase shift of triplet periodicity （TP） was used for searching potential DNA insertions in genes from 17 bacterial genomes. A mathematical algorithm for detection of these insertions has been deve...The concept of the phase shift of triplet periodicity （TP） was used for searching potential DNA insertions in genes from 17 bacterial genomes. A mathematical algorithm for detection of these insertions has been developed. This approach can detect potential insertions and deletions with lengths that are not multiples of three bases, especially insertions of relatively large DNA fragments （〉 100 bases）. New similarity measure between triplet matrixes was employed to improve the sensitivity for detecting the TP phase shift. Sequences of 17,220 bacterial genes with each consisting of more than 1,200 bases were analyzed, and the presence of a TP phase shift has been shown in -16% of analysed genes （2,809 genes）, which is about 4 times more than that detected in our previous work. We propose that shifts of the TP phase may indicate the shifts of reading frame in genes after insertions of the DNA fragments with lengths that are not multiples of three bases. A relationship between the phase shifts of TP and the frame shifts in genes is discussed.展开更多
Temperature is an important environmental factor affecting heading date of rice.Despite its importance,genes responsible for temperature-sensitive heading in rice have remained elusive.Our previous study identified a ...Temperature is an important environmental factor affecting heading date of rice.Despite its importance,genes responsible for temperature-sensitive heading in rice have remained elusive.Our previous study identified a quantitative trait locus qHd1 which advances heading date under high temperatures.A 9.5-kb insertion was found in the first intron of OsMADS51 in indica variety Zhenshan 97(ZS97).However,the function of this natural variant in controlling temperature sensitivity has not been verified.In this study,we used CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out the 9.5-kb insertion in ZS97.Experiments conducted under cotrolled conditions in phytotrons confirmed that deletion increased temperature sensitivity and advanced heading by downregulating the expression level of OsMADS51.One-hybrid assays in yeast,ChIP-quantitative polymerase chain reaction,electrophoretic mobility shift,and luciferase-based transient transactivation assays collectively confirmed that OsMADS51 affects heading date by regulation of heading date gene Ehd1.We further determined that the long non-coding RNA HEATINR is generated from the first intron of OsMADS51,offering an explanation for how the 9.5-kb insertion affects temperature sensitivity.We also found that OsMADS51 was strongly selected in early/late-season rice varieties in South China,possibly accounting for their strong temperature sensitivity.These insights not only advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the temperature-responsive regulation of heading date in rice but also provide a valuable genetic target for molecular breeding.展开更多
BACKGROUND Peripherally inserted central catheters(PICCs)are commonly used in hospitalized patients with liver cancer for the administration of chemotherapy,nutrition,and other medications.However,PICC-related thrombo...BACKGROUND Peripherally inserted central catheters(PICCs)are commonly used in hospitalized patients with liver cancer for the administration of chemotherapy,nutrition,and other medications.However,PICC-related thrombosis is a serious complication that can lead to morbidity and mortality in this patient population.Several risk factors have been identified for the development of PICC-related thrombosis,including cancer type,stage,comorbidities,and catheter characteristics.Understanding these risk factors and developing a predictive model can help healthcare providers identify high-risk patients and implement preventive measures to reduce the incidence of thrombosis.AIM To analyze the influencing factors of PICC-related thrombosis in hospitalized patients with liver cancer,construct a predictive model,and validate it.METHODS Clinical data of hospitalized patients with liver cancer admitted from January 2020 to December 2023 were collected.Thirty-five cases of PICC-related thrombosis in hospitalized patients with liver cancer were collected,and 220 patients who underwent PICC placement during the same period but did not develop PICC-related thrombosis were randomly selected as controls.A total of 255 samples were collected and used as the training set,and 77 cases were collected as the validation set in a 7:3 ratio.General patient information,case data,catheterization data,coagulation indicators,and Autar Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale scores were analyzed.Univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses were performed on relevant factors,and the value of combined indicators in predicting PICC-related thrombosis in hospitalized patients with liver cancer was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.RESULTS Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in age,sex,Karnofsky performance status score(KPS),bedridden time,activities of daily living impairment,parenteral nutrition,catheter duration,distant metastasis,and bone marrow suppression between the thrombosis group and the non-thrombosis group.Other aspects had no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).Multivariate regression analysis showed that age≥60 years,KPS score≤50 points,parenteral nutrition,stage III to IV,distant metastasis,bone marrow suppression,and activities of daily living impairment were independent risk factors for PICC-related thrombosis in hospitalized patients with liver cancer(P<0.05).Catheter duration of 1-6 months and catheter duration>6 months were protective factors for PICC-related thrombosis(P<0.05).The predictive model for PICC-related thrombosis was obtained as follows:P predictive probability=[exp(Logit P)]/[1+exp(Logit P)],where Logit P=age×1.907+KPS score×2.045+parenteral nutrition×9.467+catheter duration×0.506+tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)staging×2.844+distant metastasis×2.065+bone marrow suppression×2.082+activities of daily living impairment×13.926.ROC curve analysis showed an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.827(95%CI:0.724-0.929,P<0.001),with a corresponding optimal cut-off value of 0.612,sensitivity of 0.755,and specificity of 0.857.Calibration curve analysis showed good consistency between the predicted occurrence of PICC-related thrombosis and actual occurrence(P>0.05).ROC analysis showed AUCs of 0.888 and 0.729 for the training and validation sets,respectively.CONCLUSION Age,KPS score,parenteral nutrition,TNM staging,distant metastasis,bone marrow suppression,and activities of daily living impairment are independent risk factors for PICC-related thrombosis in hospitalized patients with liver cancer,while catheter duration is a protective factor for the disease.The predictive model has an AUC of 0.827,indicating high predictive accuracy and clinical value.展开更多
BACKGROUND Peripherally inserted central catheters(PICCs)are an essential infusion route for oncology patients receiving intravenous treatments,but lower extremity veni-puncture is the preferred technique for patients...BACKGROUND Peripherally inserted central catheters(PICCs)are an essential infusion route for oncology patients receiving intravenous treatments,but lower extremity veni-puncture is the preferred technique for patients with superior vena cava syndrome(SVCS).We report the case of a patient with a lower extremity PICC ectopic to the ascending lumbar vein,to indicate and verify PICC catheterisation in the lower extremity is safe and feasible.And hope to provide different per-spectives for clinical PICC venipuncture to get the attention of peers.CASE SUMMARY On 24 August 2022,a 58-year-old male was admitted to our department due to an intermittent cough persisting for over a month,which worsened 10 d prior.Imaging and laboratory investigations suggested the patient with pulmonary malignancy and SVCS.Chemotherapy was not an absolute contraindication in this patient.Lower extremity venipuncture is the preferred technique because administering upper extremity venous transfusion to patients with SVCS can exacerbate oedema in the head,neck,and upper extremities.The patient and his family were informed about the procedure,and informed consent was obtained.After successful puncture and prompt treatment,the patient was discharged,experiencing some relief from symptoms.CONCLUSION Inferior vena cava catheterisation is rare and important for cancer patients with SVCS,particularly in complex situations involving ectopic placement.展开更多
Heat augmentation techniques play a vital role in the heating and cooling processes in industries,including solar collectors and many applications that utilize heat exchangers.Several studies are based on inserting fi...Heat augmentation techniques play a vital role in the heating and cooling processes in industries,including solar collectors and many applications that utilize heat exchangers.Several studies are based on inserting fillers inside the tubes to enhance heat transfer.This investigation considered the effects of twisted tapes with large holes on a tubular heat exchanger’s(HX)heat transmission,pressure drop,and thermal boosting factor.In the experimental section,counter-swirl flow generators used twisted tapes with pairs of 1.0 cm-diameter holes and changes in porosity(Rp)at 1.30%and 2.70%.In the experiments,air was utilized as a working fluid in a tube with a circular cross-section.The turbulent flow was considered,with Reynolds numbers(Re)domain from 4800 to 9500,and a boundary condition with a uniform wall heat flux was constructed.The findings expound that when the number of holes rose,the Nusselt number(Nu),the factor of friction(f),and the thermal enhancement factor(η)all increased as well.Additionally,as the friction factor increased,the Nusselt number of the tape-equipped tube was noticeably higher.Additionally,it was discovered that the friction factor was between 70%and 94%lower than the values of the tube without tape,while the(Nu)was between 87%and 97%higher than the conventional tube values.The maximum value ofηis 89%.According to the experimental results,empirical correlations for Nu,f,andηwere also generated.展开更多
The studypresents theHalfMax InsertionHeuristic (HMIH) as a novel approach to solving theTravelling SalesmanProblem (TSP). The goal is to outperform existing techniques such as the Farthest Insertion Heuristic (FIH) a...The studypresents theHalfMax InsertionHeuristic (HMIH) as a novel approach to solving theTravelling SalesmanProblem (TSP). The goal is to outperform existing techniques such as the Farthest Insertion Heuristic (FIH) andNearest Neighbour Heuristic (NNH). The paper discusses the limitations of current construction tour heuristics,focusing particularly on the significant margin of error in FIH. It then proposes HMIH as an alternative thatminimizes the increase in tour distance and includes more nodes. HMIH improves tour quality by starting withan initial tour consisting of a ‘minimum’ polygon and iteratively adding nodes using our novel Half Max routine.The paper thoroughly examines and compares HMIH with FIH and NNH via rigorous testing on standard TSPbenchmarks. The results indicate that HMIH consistently delivers superior performance, particularly with respectto tour cost and computational efficiency. HMIH’s tours were sometimes 16% shorter than those generated by FIHand NNH, showcasing its potential and value as a novel benchmark for TSP solutions. The study used statisticalmethods, including Friedman’s Non-parametric Test, to validate the performance of HMIH over FIH and NNH.This guarantees that the identified advantages are statistically significant and consistent in various situations. Thiscomprehensive analysis emphasizes the reliability and efficiency of the heuristic, making a compelling case for itsuse in solving TSP issues. The research shows that, in general, HMIH fared better than FIH in all cases studied,except for a few instances (pr439, eil51, and eil101) where FIH either performed equally or slightly better thanHMIH. HMIH’s efficiency is shown by its improvements in error percentage (δ) and goodness values (g) comparedto FIH and NNH. In the att48 instance, HMIH had an error rate of 6.3%, whereas FIH had 14.6% and NNH had20.9%, indicating that HMIH was closer to the optimal solution. HMIH consistently showed superior performanceacross many benchmarks, with lower percentage error and higher goodness values, suggesting a closer match tothe optimal tour costs. This study substantially contributes to combinatorial optimization by enhancing currentinsertion algorithms and presenting a more efficient solution for the Travelling Salesman Problem. It also createsnew possibilities for progress in heuristic design and optimization methodologies.展开更多
Nickel-based materials,including metallic Ni and Ni oxide,have been widely studied in the exploration of non-precious-metal hydrogen electrocatalysts,but neither pure Ni nor NiO is ideal for the hydrogen evolution rea...Nickel-based materials,including metallic Ni and Ni oxide,have been widely studied in the exploration of non-precious-metal hydrogen electrocatalysts,but neither pure Ni nor NiO is ideal for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).In this paper,an oxygen insertion strategy was applied on nickel to regulate its hydrogen electrocatalytic performance,and the oxygen-inserted nickel catalyst was successfully obtained with the assistance of tungsten dioxide support(denoted as O-Ni/WO_(2)).The partial insertion of oxygen in Ni maintains the face-centered cubic arrangement of Ni atoms,simultaneously expanding the lattice and increasing the lattice spacing.Consequently,the adsorption strength of^(*)H and^(*)OH on Ni is optimized,thus resulting in superior electrocatalytic performance of0-Ni/WO_(2)in alkaline HER/HOR.The Tafel slope of O-Ni/WO_(2)@NF for HER is 56 mV dec^(-1),and the kinetic current density of O-Ni/WO_(2)for HOR reaches 4.85 mA cm^(-2),which is ahead of most currently reported catalysts.Our proposed strategy of inserting an appropriate amount of anions into the metal lattice could provide more possibilities for the design of high-performance catalysts.展开更多
Central venous catheterization(CVC) is an invasive procedure for administering fluids,nutrients,and drugs;monitoring central venous pressure;performing pulmonary artery catheterization;and placing transvenous pacemake...Central venous catheterization(CVC) is an invasive procedure for administering fluids,nutrients,and drugs;monitoring central venous pressure;performing pulmonary artery catheterization;and placing transvenous pacemakers in intensive care units and all specialties,from anesthesia to emergency medicine,for the treatment of trauma and hemodynamically unstable pediatric and adult patients.[1,2]Complications have been observed in more than 15% of patients who underwent CVC.Mechanical,infectious,and thrombotic complications have been reported in 5%–19%,5%–26%,and 2%–26% of patients,respectively.[3] Malposition,on the other hand,is common in subclavian catheter insertion and is usually associated with an initially misplaced guidewire.[4]展开更多
Currently,several disulfide-rich peptides have been officially approved as therapeutic medicines,such as w-conotoxin ziconotide[1],guanosine analogue linaclotide,and plecanatide.Peptides are predisposed to generate re...Currently,several disulfide-rich peptides have been officially approved as therapeutic medicines,such as w-conotoxin ziconotide[1],guanosine analogue linaclotide,and plecanatide.Peptides are predisposed to generate related substances(also termed as structurally related impurities)including amino acid deletion/insertion,diastereoisomerization,deamination/amination,oxidation,and succinimidation etc.展开更多
Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating pathogen that causes Fusarium crown rot(FCR)in wheat and poses a significant threat to wheat production in terms of grain yield and quality.However,the mechanism by which F....Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating pathogen that causes Fusarium crown rot(FCR)in wheat and poses a significant threat to wheat production in terms of grain yield and quality.However,the mechanism by which F.pseudograminearum infects wheat remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by constructing a T-DNA insertion mutant library for the highly virulent strain WZ-8A of F.pseudograminearum.By screening this mutant library,we identified nine independent mutants that displayed impaired pathogenesis in barley leaves.Among these mutants,one possessed a disruption in the gene FpRCO1 that is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RCO1,encoding essential component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex in F.pseudograminearum.To further investigate the role of FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum,we employed a split-marker approach to knock out FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum WZ-8A.FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibit reduced vegetative growth,conidium production,and virulence in wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves,whereas the complementary strain restores these phenotypes.Moreover,under stress conditions,the FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to NaCl,sorbitol,and SDS,but possessed reduced sensitivity to H_(2)O_(2)compared to these characteristics in the wild-type strain.RNA-seq analysis revealed that deletion of FpRCO1 affected gene expression(particularly the downregulation of TRI gene expression),thus resulting in significantly reduced deoxynivalenol(DON)production.In summary,our findings highlight the pivotal role of FpRCO1 in regulating vegetative growth and development,asexual reproduction,DON production,and pathogenicity of F.pseudograminearum.This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying F.pseudograminearum infection in wheat and may pave the way for the development of novel strategies to combat this devastating disease.展开更多
Nonreciprocal optical devices are essential for laser protection,modern optical communication and quantum information processing by enforcing one-way light propagation.The conventional Faraday magneto-optical nonrecip...Nonreciprocal optical devices are essential for laser protection,modern optical communication and quantum information processing by enforcing one-way light propagation.The conventional Faraday magneto-optical nonreciprocal devices rely on a strong magnetic field,which is provided by a permanent magnet.As a result,the isolation direction of such devices is fixed and severely restricts their applications in quantum networks.In this work,we experimentally demonstrate the simultaneous one-way transmission and unidirectional reflection by using a magneto-optical Fabry-Pérot cavity and a magnetic field strength of 50 mT.An optical isolator and a three-port quasi-circulator are realized based on this nonreciprocal cavity system.The isolator achieves an isolation ratio of up to 22 dB and an averaged insertion loss down to 0.97 dB.The quasi-circulator is realized with a fidelity exceeding 99% and an overall survival probability of 89.9%,corresponding to an insertion loss of~0.46 dB.The magnetic field is provided by an electromagnetic coil,thereby allowing for reversing the light circulating path.The reversible quasi-circulator paves the way for building reconfigurable quantum networks.展开更多
Two new dinuclear lanthanidecomplexes,namely[Ln_(2)(dbm)_(2)(HL)_(2)(CH_(3)OH)_(2)]·4CH_(3)OH[Ln=Tb(1)and Dy(2),Hdbm=dibenzoylmethane]have been synthesized using prepared multidentate Schiff base ligand H_(3)L(hy...Two new dinuclear lanthanidecomplexes,namely[Ln_(2)(dbm)_(2)(HL)_(2)(CH_(3)OH)_(2)]·4CH_(3)OH[Ln=Tb(1)and Dy(2),Hdbm=dibenzoylmethane]have been synthesized using prepared multidentate Schiff base ligand H_(3)L(hydroxy‑acetic acid(4‑diethylamino‑2‑hydroxy‑benzylidene)‑hydrazide)with good biological activity.Structure characterizations show that the complex comprises two Ln3+ions,two dbm-ions,two HL^(2-)ligands,two CH_(3)OH molecules,and four free methanol molecules.Each Ln^(3+)ion is eight‑coordinated.The two central Lnions are bridged by twoμ_(2)‑O atoms leading to a parallelogram[Ln2O2]core.The interaction between the compounds(H_(3)L,1,and 2)and the calf thymus DNA(CT‑DNA)has been further confirmed by UV‑Vis spectrometry,fluorescence titration,and cyclic voltammetry.The results showed that both 1 and 2 could undergo insertion with CT‑DNA.CCDC:2343005,1;2343006,2.展开更多
Insertional mutation,phenotypic evaluation,and mutated gene cloning are widely used to clone genes from scratch.Exogenous genes can be integrated into the genome during non-homologous end joining(NHEJ)of the double-st...Insertional mutation,phenotypic evaluation,and mutated gene cloning are widely used to clone genes from scratch.Exogenous genes can be integrated into the genome during non-homologous end joining(NHEJ)of the double-strand breaks of DNA,causing insertional mutation.The random insertional mutant library constructed using this method has become a method of forward genetics for gene cloning.However,the establishment of a random insertional mutant library requires a high transformation efficiency of exogenous genes.Many microalgal species show a low transformation efficiency,making constructing random insertional mutant libraries difficult.In this study,we established a highly efficient transformation method for constructing a random insertional mutant library of Nannochloropsis oceanica,and tentatively tried to isolate its genes to prove the feasibility of the method.A gene that may control the growth rate and cell size was identified.This method will facilitate the genetic studies of N.oceanica,which should also be a reference for other microalgal species.展开更多
文摘GAO Caixia’s group from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)has developed a new genome editing technology that achieves efficient and precise targeted insertion of large DNA segments in plants.The new technology,called prime editing-mediated recombination of opportune targets(PrimeRoot),combines an optimized dual-ePPE editor protein previously published by the group with a highly efficient tyrosine site-specific recombinase,Cre.It can achieve one-step,precise targeted insertion of large DNA segments in rice and maize with an efficiency up to 6%and has been used to successfully insert DNA segments up to 11.1 kb.
基金supported by the Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding Major Projects of China (2016ZX08011-003)China Agriculture Research System (CARS-04)CAAS Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project
文摘Genetically modified(GM) organisms are widely adopted. However, their safety assessments and control are still of special concern to the public. Identifying and localizing transgene insertion is an essentially prerequisite step. In this study, 2 independent transgene soybean lines were selected(LB4-AtDCGS-1-20-5-2 and CGS-ZG11) as typical cases. Both lines contained expression cassette of At-DCGS that encoding a feedback-insensitive cystathionine gamma-synthase to produce higher level methionine(Met). LB4-AtDCGS-1-20-5-2 was whole genome sequenced with one paired-end 500 bp library and two mate-paired 1 kb and 2 kb libraries using Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform. CGS-ZG11 was sequenced with only one paired-end 500 bp library. Both genomes were assembled,and 2 scaffold sequences(1 for each line) were screened out by aligning with transgene.Then the transgene insertion and its flanking regions in soybean genome were further identified and confirmed by PCR cloning and Sanger sequencing. Results showed that these 2 transgene lines had single copy of inserted transgene. Their transgene insertion contents were identified, which facilitates further safety assessment. These results indicated that genome assembly using high throughput sequencing is a powerful tool for identifying transgene insertions, even with limited knowledge.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2100800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22208241)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M732591)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.2022SFGC0102).
文摘Genomic rearrangements play a crucial role in shaping biological phenotypic diversity and driving species evolution.Synthetic chromosome rearrangement and modification by LoxP-mediated evolution(SCRaMbLE)has been applied to explore large-scale genomic rearrangements,yet it has been observed that these rearrangements occur exclusively in genomic regions containing loxPsym sites.Here,we found that SCRaMbLE of synthetic yeast harboring synthetic chromosome V and X can generate a variety of synthetic segment insertions into wild-type chromosomes,ranging from 1 to 300 kb.Furthermore,it was revealed that the novel insertions impacted the transcriptional level of neighboring regions and affected the production of exemplar pathway of zeaxanthin.Collectively,our results improve the understanding of the ability of SCRaMbLE to generate complex structural variations in nonsynthetic regions and provide a potential model to explore genomic transposable events.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2019YFD1000400)the“JBGS”Project of Seed Industry Revitalization in Jiangsu Province(JBGS[2021]093)+5 种基金the Project for Crop Germplasm Resources Conservation of Jiangsu Province(grant no.2021-SJ-011)the Seed Industry Innovation Project(2021NK1005)from the Department of Science and Technology of Hunan Provincethe High-level Key Discipline Construction Project for Traditional Chinese Medicine-Resources Science of Chinese Medicinal Materials from National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicinethe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities from Nanjing Agricultural Universitythe Pilot Incubation Project of Modern Flower and Horticultural Industry Technology from Nanjing Oriole Island Modern Agricultural Development Co.,LtdThis work was supported by the high-performance computing platformof Bioinformatics Center,Nanjing Agricultural University.
文摘Dear Editor,Lily(Lilium spp.),known as the“king of bulbous flowers,”has high ornamental and medicinal value due to its attractive,fragrant flowers and nutritious bulbs.The Lilium genus comprises approximately 115 perennial bulbous herbal species distributed in the Northern hemisphere,including 55 species and 18 varieties that were discovered in China.
文摘There is nonradiative recombination in waveguide region owing to severe carrier leakage,which in turn reduces output power and wall-plug efficiency.In this paper,we designed a novel epitaxial structure,which suppresses carrier leakage by inserting n-Ga_(0.55)In_(0.45)P and p-GaAs_(0.6)P_(0.4) between barriers and waveguide layers,respectively,to modulate the energy band structure and to increase the height of barrier.The results show that the leakage current density reduces by 87.71%,compared to traditional structure.The nonradiative recombination current density of novel structure reduces to 37.411 A/cm^(2),and the output power reaches 12.80 W with wall-plug efficiency of 78.24%at an injection current density 5 A/cm^(2) at room temperature.In addition,the temperature drift coefficient of center wavelength is 0.206 nm/℃at the temperature range from 5℃to 65℃,and the slope of fitted straight line of threshold current with temperature variation is 0.00113.The novel epitaxial structure provides a theoretical basis for achieving high-power laser diode.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program Project(No.2021YFB3301300).
文摘Intelligent production is an important development direction in intelligent manufacturing,with intelligent factories playing a crucial role in promoting intelligent production.Flexible job shops,as the main form of intelligent factories,constantly face dynamic disturbances during the production process,including machine failures and urgent orders.This paper discusses the basic models and research methods of job shop scheduling,emphasizing the important role of dynamic job shop scheduling and its response schemes in future research.A multi-objective flexible job shop dynamic scheduling mathematical model is established,highlighting its complex and multi-constraint characteristics under different interferences.A classification discussion is conducted on the dynamic response methods and optimization objectives under machine failures,emergency orders,fuzzy completion times,and mixed dynamic events.The development process of traditional scheduling rules and intelligent methods in dynamic scheduling are also analyzed.Finally,based on the current development status of job shop scheduling and the requirements of intelligent manufacturing,the future development trends of dynamic scheduling in flexible job shops are proposed.
文摘The concept of the phase shift of triplet periodicity （TP） was used for searching potential DNA insertions in genes from 17 bacterial genomes. A mathematical algorithm for detection of these insertions has been developed. This approach can detect potential insertions and deletions with lengths that are not multiples of three bases, especially insertions of relatively large DNA fragments （〉 100 bases）. New similarity measure between triplet matrixes was employed to improve the sensitivity for detecting the TP phase shift. Sequences of 17,220 bacterial genes with each consisting of more than 1,200 bases were analyzed, and the presence of a TP phase shift has been shown in -16% of analysed genes （2,809 genes）, which is about 4 times more than that detected in our previous work. We propose that shifts of the TP phase may indicate the shifts of reading frame in genes after insertions of the DNA fragments with lengths that are not multiples of three bases. A relationship between the phase shifts of TP and the frame shifts in genes is discussed.
基金supported by the Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(NT2021001)Guangdong Province Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund-Provincial and Municipal Joint Fund Project(2023A1515110882)+3 种基金Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(2023A04J0811)Guangdong Province Rural Revitalization Strategy Special Fund Seed Industry Revitalization Project(2022-NPY-00-013)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Pro-vince(LY22C130006)Key Laboratory of New Rice Breeding Technologies in Guangdong Province(2023B1212060042).
文摘Temperature is an important environmental factor affecting heading date of rice.Despite its importance,genes responsible for temperature-sensitive heading in rice have remained elusive.Our previous study identified a quantitative trait locus qHd1 which advances heading date under high temperatures.A 9.5-kb insertion was found in the first intron of OsMADS51 in indica variety Zhenshan 97(ZS97).However,the function of this natural variant in controlling temperature sensitivity has not been verified.In this study,we used CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out the 9.5-kb insertion in ZS97.Experiments conducted under cotrolled conditions in phytotrons confirmed that deletion increased temperature sensitivity and advanced heading by downregulating the expression level of OsMADS51.One-hybrid assays in yeast,ChIP-quantitative polymerase chain reaction,electrophoretic mobility shift,and luciferase-based transient transactivation assays collectively confirmed that OsMADS51 affects heading date by regulation of heading date gene Ehd1.We further determined that the long non-coding RNA HEATINR is generated from the first intron of OsMADS51,offering an explanation for how the 9.5-kb insertion affects temperature sensitivity.We also found that OsMADS51 was strongly selected in early/late-season rice varieties in South China,possibly accounting for their strong temperature sensitivity.These insights not only advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the temperature-responsive regulation of heading date in rice but also provide a valuable genetic target for molecular breeding.
文摘BACKGROUND Peripherally inserted central catheters(PICCs)are commonly used in hospitalized patients with liver cancer for the administration of chemotherapy,nutrition,and other medications.However,PICC-related thrombosis is a serious complication that can lead to morbidity and mortality in this patient population.Several risk factors have been identified for the development of PICC-related thrombosis,including cancer type,stage,comorbidities,and catheter characteristics.Understanding these risk factors and developing a predictive model can help healthcare providers identify high-risk patients and implement preventive measures to reduce the incidence of thrombosis.AIM To analyze the influencing factors of PICC-related thrombosis in hospitalized patients with liver cancer,construct a predictive model,and validate it.METHODS Clinical data of hospitalized patients with liver cancer admitted from January 2020 to December 2023 were collected.Thirty-five cases of PICC-related thrombosis in hospitalized patients with liver cancer were collected,and 220 patients who underwent PICC placement during the same period but did not develop PICC-related thrombosis were randomly selected as controls.A total of 255 samples were collected and used as the training set,and 77 cases were collected as the validation set in a 7:3 ratio.General patient information,case data,catheterization data,coagulation indicators,and Autar Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale scores were analyzed.Univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses were performed on relevant factors,and the value of combined indicators in predicting PICC-related thrombosis in hospitalized patients with liver cancer was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.RESULTS Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in age,sex,Karnofsky performance status score(KPS),bedridden time,activities of daily living impairment,parenteral nutrition,catheter duration,distant metastasis,and bone marrow suppression between the thrombosis group and the non-thrombosis group.Other aspects had no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).Multivariate regression analysis showed that age≥60 years,KPS score≤50 points,parenteral nutrition,stage III to IV,distant metastasis,bone marrow suppression,and activities of daily living impairment were independent risk factors for PICC-related thrombosis in hospitalized patients with liver cancer(P<0.05).Catheter duration of 1-6 months and catheter duration>6 months were protective factors for PICC-related thrombosis(P<0.05).The predictive model for PICC-related thrombosis was obtained as follows:P predictive probability=[exp(Logit P)]/[1+exp(Logit P)],where Logit P=age×1.907+KPS score×2.045+parenteral nutrition×9.467+catheter duration×0.506+tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)staging×2.844+distant metastasis×2.065+bone marrow suppression×2.082+activities of daily living impairment×13.926.ROC curve analysis showed an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.827(95%CI:0.724-0.929,P<0.001),with a corresponding optimal cut-off value of 0.612,sensitivity of 0.755,and specificity of 0.857.Calibration curve analysis showed good consistency between the predicted occurrence of PICC-related thrombosis and actual occurrence(P>0.05).ROC analysis showed AUCs of 0.888 and 0.729 for the training and validation sets,respectively.CONCLUSION Age,KPS score,parenteral nutrition,TNM staging,distant metastasis,bone marrow suppression,and activities of daily living impairment are independent risk factors for PICC-related thrombosis in hospitalized patients with liver cancer,while catheter duration is a protective factor for the disease.The predictive model has an AUC of 0.827,indicating high predictive accuracy and clinical value.
基金the Chongqing Medical Scientific Research Project(a joint project of the Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau),No.2020FYYX046。
文摘BACKGROUND Peripherally inserted central catheters(PICCs)are an essential infusion route for oncology patients receiving intravenous treatments,but lower extremity veni-puncture is the preferred technique for patients with superior vena cava syndrome(SVCS).We report the case of a patient with a lower extremity PICC ectopic to the ascending lumbar vein,to indicate and verify PICC catheterisation in the lower extremity is safe and feasible.And hope to provide different per-spectives for clinical PICC venipuncture to get the attention of peers.CASE SUMMARY On 24 August 2022,a 58-year-old male was admitted to our department due to an intermittent cough persisting for over a month,which worsened 10 d prior.Imaging and laboratory investigations suggested the patient with pulmonary malignancy and SVCS.Chemotherapy was not an absolute contraindication in this patient.Lower extremity venipuncture is the preferred technique because administering upper extremity venous transfusion to patients with SVCS can exacerbate oedema in the head,neck,and upper extremities.The patient and his family were informed about the procedure,and informed consent was obtained.After successful puncture and prompt treatment,the patient was discharged,experiencing some relief from symptoms.CONCLUSION Inferior vena cava catheterisation is rare and important for cancer patients with SVCS,particularly in complex situations involving ectopic placement.
文摘Heat augmentation techniques play a vital role in the heating and cooling processes in industries,including solar collectors and many applications that utilize heat exchangers.Several studies are based on inserting fillers inside the tubes to enhance heat transfer.This investigation considered the effects of twisted tapes with large holes on a tubular heat exchanger’s(HX)heat transmission,pressure drop,and thermal boosting factor.In the experimental section,counter-swirl flow generators used twisted tapes with pairs of 1.0 cm-diameter holes and changes in porosity(Rp)at 1.30%and 2.70%.In the experiments,air was utilized as a working fluid in a tube with a circular cross-section.The turbulent flow was considered,with Reynolds numbers(Re)domain from 4800 to 9500,and a boundary condition with a uniform wall heat flux was constructed.The findings expound that when the number of holes rose,the Nusselt number(Nu),the factor of friction(f),and the thermal enhancement factor(η)all increased as well.Additionally,as the friction factor increased,the Nusselt number of the tape-equipped tube was noticeably higher.Additionally,it was discovered that the friction factor was between 70%and 94%lower than the values of the tube without tape,while the(Nu)was between 87%and 97%higher than the conventional tube values.The maximum value ofηis 89%.According to the experimental results,empirical correlations for Nu,f,andηwere also generated.
基金the Centre of Excellence in Mobile and e-Services,the University of Zululand,Kwadlangezwa,South Africa.
文摘The studypresents theHalfMax InsertionHeuristic (HMIH) as a novel approach to solving theTravelling SalesmanProblem (TSP). The goal is to outperform existing techniques such as the Farthest Insertion Heuristic (FIH) andNearest Neighbour Heuristic (NNH). The paper discusses the limitations of current construction tour heuristics,focusing particularly on the significant margin of error in FIH. It then proposes HMIH as an alternative thatminimizes the increase in tour distance and includes more nodes. HMIH improves tour quality by starting withan initial tour consisting of a ‘minimum’ polygon and iteratively adding nodes using our novel Half Max routine.The paper thoroughly examines and compares HMIH with FIH and NNH via rigorous testing on standard TSPbenchmarks. The results indicate that HMIH consistently delivers superior performance, particularly with respectto tour cost and computational efficiency. HMIH’s tours were sometimes 16% shorter than those generated by FIHand NNH, showcasing its potential and value as a novel benchmark for TSP solutions. The study used statisticalmethods, including Friedman’s Non-parametric Test, to validate the performance of HMIH over FIH and NNH.This guarantees that the identified advantages are statistically significant and consistent in various situations. Thiscomprehensive analysis emphasizes the reliability and efficiency of the heuristic, making a compelling case for itsuse in solving TSP issues. The research shows that, in general, HMIH fared better than FIH in all cases studied,except for a few instances (pr439, eil51, and eil101) where FIH either performed equally or slightly better thanHMIH. HMIH’s efficiency is shown by its improvements in error percentage (δ) and goodness values (g) comparedto FIH and NNH. In the att48 instance, HMIH had an error rate of 6.3%, whereas FIH had 14.6% and NNH had20.9%, indicating that HMIH was closer to the optimal solution. HMIH consistently showed superior performanceacross many benchmarks, with lower percentage error and higher goodness values, suggesting a closer match tothe optimal tour costs. This study substantially contributes to combinatorial optimization by enhancing currentinsertion algorithms and presenting a more efficient solution for the Travelling Salesman Problem. It also createsnew possibilities for progress in heuristic design and optimization methodologies.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22209049,22075102,22005120)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515012804)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2022ZYGXZR048)。
文摘Nickel-based materials,including metallic Ni and Ni oxide,have been widely studied in the exploration of non-precious-metal hydrogen electrocatalysts,but neither pure Ni nor NiO is ideal for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).In this paper,an oxygen insertion strategy was applied on nickel to regulate its hydrogen electrocatalytic performance,and the oxygen-inserted nickel catalyst was successfully obtained with the assistance of tungsten dioxide support(denoted as O-Ni/WO_(2)).The partial insertion of oxygen in Ni maintains the face-centered cubic arrangement of Ni atoms,simultaneously expanding the lattice and increasing the lattice spacing.Consequently,the adsorption strength of^(*)H and^(*)OH on Ni is optimized,thus resulting in superior electrocatalytic performance of0-Ni/WO_(2)in alkaline HER/HOR.The Tafel slope of O-Ni/WO_(2)@NF for HER is 56 mV dec^(-1),and the kinetic current density of O-Ni/WO_(2)for HOR reaches 4.85 mA cm^(-2),which is ahead of most currently reported catalysts.Our proposed strategy of inserting an appropriate amount of anions into the metal lattice could provide more possibilities for the design of high-performance catalysts.
文摘Central venous catheterization(CVC) is an invasive procedure for administering fluids,nutrients,and drugs;monitoring central venous pressure;performing pulmonary artery catheterization;and placing transvenous pacemakers in intensive care units and all specialties,from anesthesia to emergency medicine,for the treatment of trauma and hemodynamically unstable pediatric and adult patients.[1,2]Complications have been observed in more than 15% of patients who underwent CVC.Mechanical,infectious,and thrombotic complications have been reported in 5%–19%,5%–26%,and 2%–26% of patients,respectively.[3] Malposition,on the other hand,is common in subclavian catheter insertion and is usually associated with an initially misplaced guidewire.[4]
基金The authors thank the funding from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.:2021YFF0600704 and 2021YFF0600701).
文摘Currently,several disulfide-rich peptides have been officially approved as therapeutic medicines,such as w-conotoxin ziconotide[1],guanosine analogue linaclotide,and plecanatide.Peptides are predisposed to generate related substances(also termed as structurally related impurities)including amino acid deletion/insertion,diastereoisomerization,deamination/amination,oxidation,and succinimidation etc.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901835)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Henan Province of China(212102110145)the International(Regional)Cooperation and Exchange Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31961143018).
文摘Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating pathogen that causes Fusarium crown rot(FCR)in wheat and poses a significant threat to wheat production in terms of grain yield and quality.However,the mechanism by which F.pseudograminearum infects wheat remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by constructing a T-DNA insertion mutant library for the highly virulent strain WZ-8A of F.pseudograminearum.By screening this mutant library,we identified nine independent mutants that displayed impaired pathogenesis in barley leaves.Among these mutants,one possessed a disruption in the gene FpRCO1 that is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RCO1,encoding essential component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex in F.pseudograminearum.To further investigate the role of FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum,we employed a split-marker approach to knock out FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum WZ-8A.FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibit reduced vegetative growth,conidium production,and virulence in wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves,whereas the complementary strain restores these phenotypes.Moreover,under stress conditions,the FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to NaCl,sorbitol,and SDS,but possessed reduced sensitivity to H_(2)O_(2)compared to these characteristics in the wild-type strain.RNA-seq analysis revealed that deletion of FpRCO1 affected gene expression(particularly the downregulation of TRI gene expression),thus resulting in significantly reduced deoxynivalenol(DON)production.In summary,our findings highlight the pivotal role of FpRCO1 in regulating vegetative growth and development,asexual reproduction,DON production,and pathogenicity of F.pseudograminearum.This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying F.pseudograminearum infection in wheat and may pave the way for the development of novel strategies to combat this devastating disease.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0308700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11890704,92365107,and 12305020)+2 种基金the Program for Innovative Talents and Teams in Jiangsu(Grant No.JSSCTD202138)the Shccig-Qinling Program,the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M731613)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(Grant No.2023ZB708)。
文摘Nonreciprocal optical devices are essential for laser protection,modern optical communication and quantum information processing by enforcing one-way light propagation.The conventional Faraday magneto-optical nonreciprocal devices rely on a strong magnetic field,which is provided by a permanent magnet.As a result,the isolation direction of such devices is fixed and severely restricts their applications in quantum networks.In this work,we experimentally demonstrate the simultaneous one-way transmission and unidirectional reflection by using a magneto-optical Fabry-Pérot cavity and a magnetic field strength of 50 mT.An optical isolator and a three-port quasi-circulator are realized based on this nonreciprocal cavity system.The isolator achieves an isolation ratio of up to 22 dB and an averaged insertion loss down to 0.97 dB.The quasi-circulator is realized with a fidelity exceeding 99% and an overall survival probability of 89.9%,corresponding to an insertion loss of~0.46 dB.The magnetic field is provided by an electromagnetic coil,thereby allowing for reversing the light circulating path.The reversible quasi-circulator paves the way for building reconfigurable quantum networks.
文摘Two new dinuclear lanthanidecomplexes,namely[Ln_(2)(dbm)_(2)(HL)_(2)(CH_(3)OH)_(2)]·4CH_(3)OH[Ln=Tb(1)and Dy(2),Hdbm=dibenzoylmethane]have been synthesized using prepared multidentate Schiff base ligand H_(3)L(hydroxy‑acetic acid(4‑diethylamino‑2‑hydroxy‑benzylidene)‑hydrazide)with good biological activity.Structure characterizations show that the complex comprises two Ln3+ions,two dbm-ions,two HL^(2-)ligands,two CH_(3)OH molecules,and four free methanol molecules.Each Ln^(3+)ion is eight‑coordinated.The two central Lnions are bridged by twoμ_(2)‑O atoms leading to a parallelogram[Ln2O2]core.The interaction between the compounds(H_(3)L,1,and 2)and the calf thymus DNA(CT‑DNA)has been further confirmed by UV‑Vis spectrometry,fluorescence titration,and cyclic voltammetry.The results showed that both 1 and 2 could undergo insertion with CT‑DNA.CCDC:2343005,1;2343006,2.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2018YFD0901506,2018YFD0900305)the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2018 SDKJ0406-3)。
文摘Insertional mutation,phenotypic evaluation,and mutated gene cloning are widely used to clone genes from scratch.Exogenous genes can be integrated into the genome during non-homologous end joining(NHEJ)of the double-strand breaks of DNA,causing insertional mutation.The random insertional mutant library constructed using this method has become a method of forward genetics for gene cloning.However,the establishment of a random insertional mutant library requires a high transformation efficiency of exogenous genes.Many microalgal species show a low transformation efficiency,making constructing random insertional mutant libraries difficult.In this study,we established a highly efficient transformation method for constructing a random insertional mutant library of Nannochloropsis oceanica,and tentatively tried to isolate its genes to prove the feasibility of the method.A gene that may control the growth rate and cell size was identified.This method will facilitate the genetic studies of N.oceanica,which should also be a reference for other microalgal species.
