A novel macrocyclic complex 2{[（n-Bu2Sn）4O2-L2]2DMF} was synthesized by the reaction of 4-（1,2- dithioethylene）methylene-3,5-disoxo-1,6-heptadiene-1,7-dis-（o-formy~）-dis-p-phenoxyacetic acid（LH2, compound 1） w...A novel macrocyclic complex 2{[（n-Bu2Sn）4O2-L2]2DMF} was synthesized by the reaction of 4-（1,2- dithioethylene）methylene-3,5-disoxo-1,6-heptadiene-1,7-dis-（o-formy~）-dis-p-phenoxyacetic acid（LH2, compound 1） with di-n-butyltin oxide. Compound 1 and complex 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and ~H NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of complex 2 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. There are two crystallographic independent molecules in complex 2, and each molecule structure is centro-symmetric and features a central rhombus cyclic Bu4Sn2O2 unit with two exocyclic Sn atoms linked at the O atoms of the four-membered ring. In molecule A, the four Sn atoms are five-coordinated. However, in molecule B, the four Sn atoms have two different coordination geometries, the endocyclic Sn atoms are five-coordinated and the exocyclic Sn atoms are four-coordinated. The dicarboxylate ligands in molecules A and B bridge exocylic or endocyclic tin atoms, forming two macroheterocycles with 26 atoms. Pilot studies have indicated that complex 2 has good anti- bacterial and antitumour activities.展开更多
Di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that has the potential to affect male reproduction. However, the reproductive effects of low-dose DBP are still not well known, especially at the molecu...Di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that has the potential to affect male reproduction. However, the reproductive effects of low-dose DBP are still not well known, especially at the molecular level. In the present study, pubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered DBP at a wide range of doses （0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 and 500 mg kg^-1 day^-1） for 30 days. The selected end points included reproductive organ weights, testicular histopathology and serum hormonal levels. Additionally, proteomic analysis was performed to identify proteins that are differentially expressed as a result of exposure to DBP at low doses （0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg kg^-1 day^-1）. Toxic effects were observed in the high-dose groups, including anomalous development of testes and epididymides, severe atrophy of seminiferous tubules, loss of spermatogenesis and abnormal levels of serum hormones. Treatment with low doses of DBP seemed to exert a ＇stimulative effect＇ on the serum hormones. Proteomics analysis of rat testes showed 20 differentially expressed proteins. Among these proteins, alterations in the expression of HnRNPA2/B1, vimentin and superoxide dismutase 1 （SOD1） were further confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Taken together, we conclude that high doses of DBP led to testicular toxicity, and low doses of DBP led to changes in the expression of proteins involved in spermatogenesis as well as changes in the number and function of Sertoli and Leydig cells, although no obvious morphological changes appeared. The identification of these differentially expressed proteins provides important information about the mechanisms underlying the effects of DBP on male rat reproduction.展开更多
Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration w...Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.展开更多
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP),one of phthalate acid esters (PAEs),was investigated to determine its biodegradation rate using Xiangjiang River sediment and find potential DBP degraders in the enrichment culture of the se...Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP),one of phthalate acid esters (PAEs),was investigated to determine its biodegradation rate using Xiangjiang River sediment and find potential DBP degraders in the enrichment culture of the sediment. The sediment sample was incubated with an initial concentration of DBP of 100 mg/L for 5 d. The biodegradation rate of DBP was detected using HPLC and the degraded products were analyzed by GC/MS. Subsequently,the microbial diversity of the enrichment culture was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results reveal that almost 100% of DBP is degraded after merely 3 d,generating two main degraded products:mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) and 9-octadecenoic acid. After a six-month enrichment period under the pressure of DBP,the dominant family in the final enrichment culture is clustered with the Comamonas sp.,the remaining are affiliated with Sphingomonas sp.,Hydrogenophaga sp.,Rhizobium sp.,and Acidovorax sp. The results show the potential of these bacteria to be used in the bioremediation of DBP in the environment.展开更多
Objective The biodegradation characteristics of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), an environmental endocrine disruptor, were studied by the method of dominant bacteria and immobilized microorganisms. Methods Taking DBP as t...Objective The biodegradation characteristics of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), an environmental endocrine disruptor, were studied by the method of dominant bacteria and immobilized microorganisms. Methods Taking DBP as the only carbon source to acclimatize the collected activated sludge, the concentration of DBP increased progressively in the process of acclimatization. Plate streaking was used to separate 1 strain of the degradation dominant bacteria after acclimatization. Better conditions to degrade DBP by the bacterium could be obtained through orthogonal experiments and the bacterium was identified. Then the acclimated activated sludge was made to immobilize the microorganism using polyvinyl alcohol as entrapment agent. The immobilized microorganism degraded DBP at different conditions. Results The appropriate conditions to degrade DBP by the dominant bacteria were: degradation time, 32 h; DBP concentration, 200 mg/L; rate of shaking incubator, 100 r/min; pH, 7 and temperature, 30℃. DBP could be degraded by more than 95% under such conditions. The bacteria were identified as pseudomonas. The proliferated immobilized microorganisms degraded DBP more effectively and more adapted to temperature and pH than the free acclimated activated sludge. Conclusion One strain of DBP degradation dominant bacteria was separated from the acclimatized activated sludge. It could grow with DBP as the only carbon source and energy, and degraded DBP effectively. After having been immobilized and proliferated, the dominant bacteria could keep a higher biological activity and degrade DBP more effectively than activated sludge.展开更多
In this paper the measured values of the vapor pressures by ebulliometer method of two important maleic anhydride recovery solvents, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-iso-butyl hexahydrophthalate (DIBE), between 0.63...In this paper the measured values of the vapor pressures by ebulliometer method of two important maleic anhydride recovery solvents, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-iso-butyl hexahydrophthalate (DIBE), between 0.63—17.79 kPa and 0.49—30.95 kPa,are reported respectively.A comparison of the data of DBP with the published data has been made, which shows good consistency. For the convenient use of these vapor pressures, Cragoe equation, Antoine equation and Kirchhoff equation are selected to correlate them. The correlating results show that Antoine equation is the best one of the three equations to fit for the vapor pressures of the two solvents. According to Clausius-Clapeyron equation, the linear relationship between natural logarithm of pressure and reciprocal of temperature is used to calculate the molar latent heats of evaporation of the two organic solvents. The molar latent heats of evaporation of DBP and DIBE are 75.1 kJ/mol and 67.7 kJ/mol, respectively.展开更多
The present work describes the amount of Di-n- butyl phosphate (DBP) produced when PUREX solvent (30%tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) mixed with 70% hydrocarbon diluent) is exposed to intensive radiolytic and chemical at- ...The present work describes the amount of Di-n- butyl phosphate (DBP) produced when PUREX solvent (30%tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) mixed with 70% hydrocarbon diluent) is exposed to intensive radiolytic and chemical at- tack during the separation of uranium and plutonium from fission products of FBTR mixed carbide fuel reprocessing solution. DBP is the major degradation product of Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). Amount of DBP formed in the lean organic streams of different fuel burn-up FBTR carbide fuel reprocessing solutions were analyzed by Gas Chromatographic technique. The method is based on the preparation of diazo methane and conversion of non-volatile Di-n-butyl phosphate in to volatile and stable derivatives by the action of diazomethane and then determined by Gas Chromatography (GC). A calibration graph was made for DBP over a concentration in the range from 200 to 1800 ppm with correlation coefficient of 0.99587 and RSD 1.2%. The degraded 30% TBP-NPH solvent loaded with heavy metal ions like uranium was analyzed after repeated use and results are compared with standard ion chromatographic technique. A column comparison study to select of proper gas chromatographic column for the separation of DBP from other components in a single aliquot of injection is also examined.展开更多
Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of paternal Di‐N‐butyl‐phthalate （DBP） exposure pre‐ and postnatally on F1 generation offspring,and prenatally on F2 generation offspring.Met...Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of paternal Di‐N‐butyl‐phthalate （DBP） exposure pre‐ and postnatally on F1 generation offspring,and prenatally on F2 generation offspring.Methods Male mice were exposed to either 500 mg/kg or 2 000 mg/kg of DBP for 8 weeks,and mated with non‐exposed females.Three‐quarters of the females were sacrificed a day prior to parturition,and examined for the number of living and dead implantations,and incidence of gross malformations.Pups from the remaining females were assessed for developmental markers,growth parameters,as well as sperm quantity and quality.Results There were no changes in the fertility of parents and in intrauterine development of the offspring.Pups of DBP‐exposed males demonstrated growth‐retardation.Following paternal exposure to 500 mg/kg bw of DBP,there were almost twice the number of males than females born in the F1 generation.F1 generation females had a 2.5‐day delay in vaginal opening.Paternal exposure to 2 000 mg/kg bw of DBP increased the incidence of sperm head malformations in F1 generation males;however,there were no changes in the fertility and viability of foetuses in the F2 generation.Conclusion Paternal DBP exposure may disturb the sex ratio of the offspring,delay female sexual maturation,and deteriorate the sperm quality of F1 generation males.展开更多
We investigated phytotoxicity in seven plant species exposed to a range of concentrations （0- 500 mg· kg^-1 soil） of di-n-butyl phthalate （DnBP） or his （2- ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）, two representative...We investigated phytotoxicity in seven plant species exposed to a range of concentrations （0- 500 mg· kg^-1 soil） of di-n-butyl phthalate （DnBP） or his （2- ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）, two representative phthalate esters （PAEs） nominated by USEPA as priority pollutants and known environmental estrogens. We studied seed germination, root elongation, seedling growth, biomass （fresh weight, FW） and malondialdehyde （MDA） content of shoots and roots of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.）, perennial ryegrass （Lolium perenne）, radish （Raphanus sativus L.）, cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.）, oat （Avena sativa） and onion （Allium cepa L.）, together with monitoring of plant pigment content （chlorophyll a, b and earotinoids） in alfalfa, radish and onion shoots. Root elongation, seedling growth and biomass of the test species were generally inhibited by DnBP but not by DEHP, indicating a lower level of phytotoxicity of DEHP than of DnBP. MDA contents of four species were promoted by PAE exposure, but not in alfalfa, ryegrass or onion shoots, indicating lower sensitivity of these three species to PAE pollutants. Plant pigment contents were clearly affected under the stress of both pollutants, implying the potential damage to the photosynthetic system of test plants, mainly by decreasing the content of chlorophyll a and b. Results of DnBP and DEHP phytotoxicity to the primary growth of test plants has provided information for the assessment of their environmental risk in the soil and also forms a basis for the further analysis of their toxic effects over the whole growth period of different plant species.展开更多
Rational design of heterogeneous catalysts with high activity and stability is crucial in peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based oxidation treatment of wastewater.Herein,the graphite oxide-cobalt ferrite(GOCoFe_(2)O_(4))composi...Rational design of heterogeneous catalysts with high activity and stability is crucial in peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based oxidation treatment of wastewater.Herein,the graphite oxide-cobalt ferrite(GOCoFe_(2)O_(4))composite was constructed,and its morphological,component and structural characteristics were thoroughly examined,respectively.GO-CoFe_(2)O_(4)obviously boosted PMS catalytic performance on di-n-butyl phthalate removal(DBP,RpBp=90%,Roc=37%),which indicated by the first-order kinetic constant(kpBp=0.060 min^(-1))being roughly 4 times than pure CoFe_(2)O_(4)(kpBp=0.015 min-1).The fabrication of GO-CoFe_(2)O_(4)brought the favorable stability and repeatability up to six cycles.Moreover,the method of batch dosing catalyst was creatively proposed to improve the PMS utilization efficiency.The coupling of GO enhanced the dispersion of CoFe_(2)O_(4)particles to obtain sufficient active sites,additionally,the plentiful C=O groups and free-flowing electrons on GO promoted GO-CoFe_(2)O_(4)to coordinate a redox process during PMS activation.With the aid of theoretical calculations,GO-CoFe_(2)O_(4)was revealed to exhibit a strong affinity toward PMS adsorption,where PMS spontaneously dissociated into sulfate radical(SO_(4)^(·-)),hydroxyl radical(^(·)OH)and singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)),acting as the reactive oxygen species(ROSs).Electrons cycling between Co,Fe and O species ensured continuous ROSs generation and excellent catalytic performance.展开更多
The uptake and accumulation of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP)in six leafy vegetables was investigated under hydroponic conditions.The test vegetables were six varieties of Brassica campestris ssp.,including Kangresijiqing(...The uptake and accumulation of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP)in six leafy vegetables was investigated under hydroponic conditions.The test vegetables were six varieties of Brassica campestris ssp.,including Kangresijiqing(KRSJQ),Xiadiqing(XDQ),Ziyoucai(ZYC),Aijiaohuang(AJH),Shanghaiqing(SHQ)and Gaogengbai(GGB).The root concentration factor(RCF),translocation factor(TF)and transpiration stream concentration factor(TSCF)were calculated in order to compare the difference of uptake and accumulation behaviours of DBP in vegetable varieties.The results showed that DBP was easily concentrated in vegetable roots,but was poorly translocated from the roots to the shoots.Among the six vegetables,the ability of concentrating DBP from the solution to shoots was the highest in GGB,followed by ZYC,KRSJQ,AJH,SHQ and XDQ.High concentrations of DBP(5.0 mg/L)seem to inhibit normal physiological activity in the vegetables,which resulted in a higher RCF and a lower TF and TSCF than in low-concentration treatment.The results will help to evaluate the safety of agricultural products and to provide evidence for screening DBP pollution-safe vegetable cultivars.展开更多
Two di-n-butyl dithiocarbamate derivatives were easily synthesized. Their tribological performances as lubricating oil additives in rapeseed oil were evaluated using a four-ball machine, and their chemistry of films w...Two di-n-butyl dithiocarbamate derivatives were easily synthesized. Their tribological performances as lubricating oil additives in rapeseed oil were evaluated using a four-ball machine, and their chemistry of films was analyzed with X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES). The results indicate that the two compounds possess excellent anti-wear property and good load-carrying capacity. According to the XANES results, for the thermal films, the outer surfaces are mainly composed of N, S-containing polymer and ferric sulfate, and the near-surface and the bulk are composed of ferrous sulfate, while for the anti-wear films, the outer surfaces are only composed of ferric sulfate, but the near-surface and the bulk are mainly composed of ferrous sulfate.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2005038561)Natural Science Foundation of Province,China(Nos.20060571 and 20070406)
文摘A novel macrocyclic complex 2{[（n-Bu2Sn）4O2-L2]2DMF} was synthesized by the reaction of 4-（1,2- dithioethylene）methylene-3,5-disoxo-1,6-heptadiene-1,7-dis-（o-formy~）-dis-p-phenoxyacetic acid（LH2, compound 1） with di-n-butyltin oxide. Compound 1 and complex 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and ~H NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of complex 2 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. There are two crystallographic independent molecules in complex 2, and each molecule structure is centro-symmetric and features a central rhombus cyclic Bu4Sn2O2 unit with two exocyclic Sn atoms linked at the O atoms of the four-membered ring. In molecule A, the four Sn atoms are five-coordinated. However, in molecule B, the four Sn atoms have two different coordination geometries, the endocyclic Sn atoms are five-coordinated and the exocyclic Sn atoms are four-coordinated. The dicarboxylate ligands in molecules A and B bridge exocylic or endocyclic tin atoms, forming two macroheterocycles with 26 atoms. Pilot studies have indicated that complex 2 has good anti- bacterial and antitumour activities.
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Feng Chen with the statistical analysis. The study was supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （No. 2009CB941703）, Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Funds （No. BK2007235） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30901222）.
文摘Di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that has the potential to affect male reproduction. However, the reproductive effects of low-dose DBP are still not well known, especially at the molecular level. In the present study, pubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered DBP at a wide range of doses （0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 and 500 mg kg^-1 day^-1） for 30 days. The selected end points included reproductive organ weights, testicular histopathology and serum hormonal levels. Additionally, proteomic analysis was performed to identify proteins that are differentially expressed as a result of exposure to DBP at low doses （0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg kg^-1 day^-1）. Toxic effects were observed in the high-dose groups, including anomalous development of testes and epididymides, severe atrophy of seminiferous tubules, loss of spermatogenesis and abnormal levels of serum hormones. Treatment with low doses of DBP seemed to exert a ＇stimulative effect＇ on the serum hormones. Proteomics analysis of rat testes showed 20 differentially expressed proteins. Among these proteins, alterations in the expression of HnRNPA2/B1, vimentin and superoxide dismutase 1 （SOD1） were further confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Taken together, we conclude that high doses of DBP led to testicular toxicity, and low doses of DBP led to changes in the expression of proteins involved in spermatogenesis as well as changes in the number and function of Sertoli and Leydig cells, although no obvious morphological changes appeared. The identification of these differentially expressed proteins provides important information about the mechanisms underlying the effects of DBP on male rat reproduction.
基金The National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 50225824), the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 50538090) and the Beijing Academic Innovation Group in Sustainable Water/Waste Recycle Technologies (No. BJE10016200611)
文摘Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.
基金Project(50621063) supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NCET-06-0691) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University
文摘Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP),one of phthalate acid esters (PAEs),was investigated to determine its biodegradation rate using Xiangjiang River sediment and find potential DBP degraders in the enrichment culture of the sediment. The sediment sample was incubated with an initial concentration of DBP of 100 mg/L for 5 d. The biodegradation rate of DBP was detected using HPLC and the degraded products were analyzed by GC/MS. Subsequently,the microbial diversity of the enrichment culture was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results reveal that almost 100% of DBP is degraded after merely 3 d,generating two main degraded products:mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) and 9-octadecenoic acid. After a six-month enrichment period under the pressure of DBP,the dominant family in the final enrichment culture is clustered with the Comamonas sp.,the remaining are affiliated with Sphingomonas sp.,Hydrogenophaga sp.,Rhizobium sp.,and Acidovorax sp. The results show the potential of these bacteria to be used in the bioremediation of DBP in the environment.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30271104).
文摘Objective The biodegradation characteristics of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), an environmental endocrine disruptor, were studied by the method of dominant bacteria and immobilized microorganisms. Methods Taking DBP as the only carbon source to acclimatize the collected activated sludge, the concentration of DBP increased progressively in the process of acclimatization. Plate streaking was used to separate 1 strain of the degradation dominant bacteria after acclimatization. Better conditions to degrade DBP by the bacterium could be obtained through orthogonal experiments and the bacterium was identified. Then the acclimated activated sludge was made to immobilize the microorganism using polyvinyl alcohol as entrapment agent. The immobilized microorganism degraded DBP at different conditions. Results The appropriate conditions to degrade DBP by the dominant bacteria were: degradation time, 32 h; DBP concentration, 200 mg/L; rate of shaking incubator, 100 r/min; pH, 7 and temperature, 30℃. DBP could be degraded by more than 95% under such conditions. The bacteria were identified as pseudomonas. The proliferated immobilized microorganisms degraded DBP more effectively and more adapted to temperature and pH than the free acclimated activated sludge. Conclusion One strain of DBP degradation dominant bacteria was separated from the acclimatized activated sludge. It could grow with DBP as the only carbon source and energy, and degraded DBP effectively. After having been immobilized and proliferated, the dominant bacteria could keep a higher biological activity and degrade DBP more effectively than activated sludge.
文摘In this paper the measured values of the vapor pressures by ebulliometer method of two important maleic anhydride recovery solvents, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-iso-butyl hexahydrophthalate (DIBE), between 0.63—17.79 kPa and 0.49—30.95 kPa,are reported respectively.A comparison of the data of DBP with the published data has been made, which shows good consistency. For the convenient use of these vapor pressures, Cragoe equation, Antoine equation and Kirchhoff equation are selected to correlate them. The correlating results show that Antoine equation is the best one of the three equations to fit for the vapor pressures of the two solvents. According to Clausius-Clapeyron equation, the linear relationship between natural logarithm of pressure and reciprocal of temperature is used to calculate the molar latent heats of evaporation of the two organic solvents. The molar latent heats of evaporation of DBP and DIBE are 75.1 kJ/mol and 67.7 kJ/mol, respectively.
文摘The present work describes the amount of Di-n- butyl phosphate (DBP) produced when PUREX solvent (30%tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) mixed with 70% hydrocarbon diluent) is exposed to intensive radiolytic and chemical at- tack during the separation of uranium and plutonium from fission products of FBTR mixed carbide fuel reprocessing solution. DBP is the major degradation product of Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). Amount of DBP formed in the lean organic streams of different fuel burn-up FBTR carbide fuel reprocessing solutions were analyzed by Gas Chromatographic technique. The method is based on the preparation of diazo methane and conversion of non-volatile Di-n-butyl phosphate in to volatile and stable derivatives by the action of diazomethane and then determined by Gas Chromatography (GC). A calibration graph was made for DBP over a concentration in the range from 200 to 1800 ppm with correlation coefficient of 0.99587 and RSD 1.2%. The degraded 30% TBP-NPH solvent loaded with heavy metal ions like uranium was analyzed after repeated use and results are compared with standard ion chromatographic technique. A column comparison study to select of proper gas chromatographic column for the separation of DBP from other components in a single aliquot of injection is also examined.
基金funded by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education(2004‐2007 project no. 2PO5D2926)
文摘Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of paternal Di‐N‐butyl‐phthalate （DBP） exposure pre‐ and postnatally on F1 generation offspring,and prenatally on F2 generation offspring.Methods Male mice were exposed to either 500 mg/kg or 2 000 mg/kg of DBP for 8 weeks,and mated with non‐exposed females.Three‐quarters of the females were sacrificed a day prior to parturition,and examined for the number of living and dead implantations,and incidence of gross malformations.Pups from the remaining females were assessed for developmental markers,growth parameters,as well as sperm quantity and quality.Results There were no changes in the fertility of parents and in intrauterine development of the offspring.Pups of DBP‐exposed males demonstrated growth‐retardation.Following paternal exposure to 500 mg/kg bw of DBP,there were almost twice the number of males than females born in the F1 generation.F1 generation females had a 2.5‐day delay in vaginal opening.Paternal exposure to 2 000 mg/kg bw of DBP increased the incidence of sperm head malformations in F1 generation males;however,there were no changes in the fertility and viability of foetuses in the F2 generation.Conclusion Paternal DBP exposure may disturb the sex ratio of the offspring,delay female sexual maturation,and deteriorate the sperm quality of F1 generation males.
文摘We investigated phytotoxicity in seven plant species exposed to a range of concentrations （0- 500 mg· kg^-1 soil） of di-n-butyl phthalate （DnBP） or his （2- ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）, two representative phthalate esters （PAEs） nominated by USEPA as priority pollutants and known environmental estrogens. We studied seed germination, root elongation, seedling growth, biomass （fresh weight, FW） and malondialdehyde （MDA） content of shoots and roots of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.）, perennial ryegrass （Lolium perenne）, radish （Raphanus sativus L.）, cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.）, oat （Avena sativa） and onion （Allium cepa L.）, together with monitoring of plant pigment content （chlorophyll a, b and earotinoids） in alfalfa, radish and onion shoots. Root elongation, seedling growth and biomass of the test species were generally inhibited by DnBP but not by DEHP, indicating a lower level of phytotoxicity of DEHP than of DnBP. MDA contents of four species were promoted by PAE exposure, but not in alfalfa, ryegrass or onion shoots, indicating lower sensitivity of these three species to PAE pollutants. Plant pigment contents were clearly affected under the stress of both pollutants, implying the potential damage to the photosynthetic system of test plants, mainly by decreasing the content of chlorophyll a and b. Results of DnBP and DEHP phytotoxicity to the primary growth of test plants has provided information for the assessment of their environmental risk in the soil and also forms a basis for the further analysis of their toxic effects over the whole growth period of different plant species.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52200010,52000050)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Nos.2022M710954,2020M670913)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(Harbin Institute of Technology)(Nos.HC202240,2021TS22).
文摘Rational design of heterogeneous catalysts with high activity and stability is crucial in peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based oxidation treatment of wastewater.Herein,the graphite oxide-cobalt ferrite(GOCoFe_(2)O_(4))composite was constructed,and its morphological,component and structural characteristics were thoroughly examined,respectively.GO-CoFe_(2)O_(4)obviously boosted PMS catalytic performance on di-n-butyl phthalate removal(DBP,RpBp=90%,Roc=37%),which indicated by the first-order kinetic constant(kpBp=0.060 min^(-1))being roughly 4 times than pure CoFe_(2)O_(4)(kpBp=0.015 min-1).The fabrication of GO-CoFe_(2)O_(4)brought the favorable stability and repeatability up to six cycles.Moreover,the method of batch dosing catalyst was creatively proposed to improve the PMS utilization efficiency.The coupling of GO enhanced the dispersion of CoFe_(2)O_(4)particles to obtain sufficient active sites,additionally,the plentiful C=O groups and free-flowing electrons on GO promoted GO-CoFe_(2)O_(4)to coordinate a redox process during PMS activation.With the aid of theoretical calculations,GO-CoFe_(2)O_(4)was revealed to exhibit a strong affinity toward PMS adsorption,where PMS spontaneously dissociated into sulfate radical(SO_(4)^(·-)),hydroxyl radical(^(·)OH)and singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)),acting as the reactive oxygen species(ROSs).Electrons cycling between Co,Fe and O species ensured continuous ROSs generation and excellent catalytic performance.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20160576)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(Grant No.CX(19)3006).
文摘The uptake and accumulation of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP)in six leafy vegetables was investigated under hydroponic conditions.The test vegetables were six varieties of Brassica campestris ssp.,including Kangresijiqing(KRSJQ),Xiadiqing(XDQ),Ziyoucai(ZYC),Aijiaohuang(AJH),Shanghaiqing(SHQ)and Gaogengbai(GGB).The root concentration factor(RCF),translocation factor(TF)and transpiration stream concentration factor(TSCF)were calculated in order to compare the difference of uptake and accumulation behaviours of DBP in vegetable varieties.The results showed that DBP was easily concentrated in vegetable roots,but was poorly translocated from the roots to the shoots.Among the six vegetables,the ability of concentrating DBP from the solution to shoots was the highest in GGB,followed by ZYC,KRSJQ,AJH,SHQ and XDQ.High concentrations of DBP(5.0 mg/L)seem to inhibit normal physiological activity in the vegetables,which resulted in a higher RCF and a lower TF and TSCF than in low-concentration treatment.The results will help to evaluate the safety of agricultural products and to provide evidence for screening DBP pollution-safe vegetable cultivars.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20472051)
文摘Two di-n-butyl dithiocarbamate derivatives were easily synthesized. Their tribological performances as lubricating oil additives in rapeseed oil were evaluated using a four-ball machine, and their chemistry of films was analyzed with X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES). The results indicate that the two compounds possess excellent anti-wear property and good load-carrying capacity. According to the XANES results, for the thermal films, the outer surfaces are mainly composed of N, S-containing polymer and ferric sulfate, and the near-surface and the bulk are composed of ferrous sulfate, while for the anti-wear films, the outer surfaces are only composed of ferric sulfate, but the near-surface and the bulk are mainly composed of ferrous sulfate.
