For some critics, the publication of Milton＇s Paradise Lost in 1667 suggests his taking religious retreat from his previous political investment in both the Commonwealth Government （1649-1653） and Oliver Cromwell＇...For some critics, the publication of Milton＇s Paradise Lost in 1667 suggests his taking religious retreat from his previous political investment in both the Commonwealth Government （1649-1653） and Oliver Cromwell＇s Protectorate that was abnegated by the return of King Charles II in 1660. Not to mention that Milton＇s flamboyant portrayal of Satan appears to be a critique of republicanism： Just as the republicans who revolted against the monarchy, Satan tempts other angels to rebel against the omnipotent God and gain their freedom. This transgressive betrayal fails and is punished in Paradise Lost. However, when the strict censorship of the writings of Milton＇s contemporaries is taken into account, the strategies employed in Milton＇s Paradise Lost become clearer： It may be read as a veiled critique of kingship hiding behind the facade of a criticism of republicanism so as to circumvent censorship. In other words, the work may have surreptitiously conveyed a hidden message for his English citizens. That message may be indirectly delivered through Milton＇s innovative elaboration of the fall of Man, which is roughly described in the Genesis. Therefore, this essay argues that Milton veils the seed of political reform in the moral lessons conveyed in his presentation of the psychological dynamic of Adam and Eve＇s fall. In addition, this essay further explores how Milton endeavors to re-shape the national consciousness of the 17th century English people through alternate historical awareness.展开更多
In recent years, more and more people choose to become civil servants for stability of the work and respect of the society. Civil servants not only have a better treatment, but also a higher social status. However, th...In recent years, more and more people choose to become civil servants for stability of the work and respect of the society. Civil servants not only have a better treatment, but also a higher social status. However, the condition is not true in England. This thesis will demonstrate the current condition of ＂Government Office Worker Craze＂, meanwhile, analyze the reasons of this phenomenon by comparing with England. The thesis will firstly display the advantages and disadvantages of this phenomenon; then demonstrate traditional understanding of the two countries separately to find out common characters; the reason of ＂Government Office Worker Craze ＂ in China by exploring the historical cultures; finally, the thesis shows intersections between the two countries and give proper suggestions.展开更多
A major educational debate today concerns how to recruit and prepare teachers all over the world. In other words policy makers in education attempt to figure out high quality initial teacher training programs. Similar...A major educational debate today concerns how to recruit and prepare teachers all over the world. In other words policy makers in education attempt to figure out high quality initial teacher training programs. Similarly, one of the main controversial issues in Turkey is who is going to be a teacher. Alternative programs for recruiting and preparing teacher have been devised, discussed, and applied. However, these programs have been implemented not because of results of research comparing the effectiveness of teachers from different types of preparation backgrounds but the program has been implemented because of current government policies. Since Turkish education system is centralized, the Ministry of National Education appoints all novice teachers according to their scores in the nationwide state examination conducted by state for state employee. Teachers in Turkey are recruited from two sources： One is education faculty graduates to be teacher at elementary, middle and high schools. The other source is different faculty graduates such as faculty of literature, art, science, theology, and etc. to teacher, particularly, at high schools. The aim of this study is to review teacher training and recruitment in Turkey from 1923 to present. The method of this study is to analyze printed document and changing policies and reforms about training and recruiting teachers in Turkish schools. During the Republic Era teacher training policies and applications have been changed several times radically. In addition, the effectiveness of factors on teacher training policies in terms of year and theory is indicated.展开更多
Think tanks as an important force in the policy making field in the United States have strengthened their visibility and expanded their influence in recent decades. This paper contends that the historical and politica...Think tanks as an important force in the policy making field in the United States have strengthened their visibility and expanded their influence in recent decades. This paper contends that the historical and political climate of the United States has fostered the development of think tanks and they will continue to exert their influence in the policy making field of the United States. It mainly examines the history of American think tanks and the roles they have been performing during more than one hundred years＇ evolution. In the twenty-first century, in a more and more flattering world, policy issues become increasingly complicated, therefore think tanks are indeed fixtures of American policy making scene. They play six major roles （1） source for policy idea; （2） venue for communicating and initiating new policy ideas; （3） source for personnel; （4） educating and informing the public; （5） evaluator of government policies; and （6） Track lI diplomacy.展开更多
文摘For some critics, the publication of Milton＇s Paradise Lost in 1667 suggests his taking religious retreat from his previous political investment in both the Commonwealth Government （1649-1653） and Oliver Cromwell＇s Protectorate that was abnegated by the return of King Charles II in 1660. Not to mention that Milton＇s flamboyant portrayal of Satan appears to be a critique of republicanism： Just as the republicans who revolted against the monarchy, Satan tempts other angels to rebel against the omnipotent God and gain their freedom. This transgressive betrayal fails and is punished in Paradise Lost. However, when the strict censorship of the writings of Milton＇s contemporaries is taken into account, the strategies employed in Milton＇s Paradise Lost become clearer： It may be read as a veiled critique of kingship hiding behind the facade of a criticism of republicanism so as to circumvent censorship. In other words, the work may have surreptitiously conveyed a hidden message for his English citizens. That message may be indirectly delivered through Milton＇s innovative elaboration of the fall of Man, which is roughly described in the Genesis. Therefore, this essay argues that Milton veils the seed of political reform in the moral lessons conveyed in his presentation of the psychological dynamic of Adam and Eve＇s fall. In addition, this essay further explores how Milton endeavors to re-shape the national consciousness of the 17th century English people through alternate historical awareness.
文摘In recent years, more and more people choose to become civil servants for stability of the work and respect of the society. Civil servants not only have a better treatment, but also a higher social status. However, the condition is not true in England. This thesis will demonstrate the current condition of ＂Government Office Worker Craze＂, meanwhile, analyze the reasons of this phenomenon by comparing with England. The thesis will firstly display the advantages and disadvantages of this phenomenon; then demonstrate traditional understanding of the two countries separately to find out common characters; the reason of ＂Government Office Worker Craze ＂ in China by exploring the historical cultures; finally, the thesis shows intersections between the two countries and give proper suggestions.
文摘A major educational debate today concerns how to recruit and prepare teachers all over the world. In other words policy makers in education attempt to figure out high quality initial teacher training programs. Similarly, one of the main controversial issues in Turkey is who is going to be a teacher. Alternative programs for recruiting and preparing teacher have been devised, discussed, and applied. However, these programs have been implemented not because of results of research comparing the effectiveness of teachers from different types of preparation backgrounds but the program has been implemented because of current government policies. Since Turkish education system is centralized, the Ministry of National Education appoints all novice teachers according to their scores in the nationwide state examination conducted by state for state employee. Teachers in Turkey are recruited from two sources： One is education faculty graduates to be teacher at elementary, middle and high schools. The other source is different faculty graduates such as faculty of literature, art, science, theology, and etc. to teacher, particularly, at high schools. The aim of this study is to review teacher training and recruitment in Turkey from 1923 to present. The method of this study is to analyze printed document and changing policies and reforms about training and recruiting teachers in Turkish schools. During the Republic Era teacher training policies and applications have been changed several times radically. In addition, the effectiveness of factors on teacher training policies in terms of year and theory is indicated.
文摘Think tanks as an important force in the policy making field in the United States have strengthened their visibility and expanded their influence in recent decades. This paper contends that the historical and political climate of the United States has fostered the development of think tanks and they will continue to exert their influence in the policy making field of the United States. It mainly examines the history of American think tanks and the roles they have been performing during more than one hundred years＇ evolution. In the twenty-first century, in a more and more flattering world, policy issues become increasingly complicated, therefore think tanks are indeed fixtures of American policy making scene. They play six major roles （1） source for policy idea; （2） venue for communicating and initiating new policy ideas; （3） source for personnel; （4） educating and informing the public; （5） evaluator of government policies; and （6） Track lI diplomacy.
