Interleukin-2 （IL）-2 signaling plays a pivotal role in the activation of immune responses, and drugs that block this pathway have been shown to be effective for the immunosuppression in patients with organ transplan...Interleukin-2 （IL）-2 signaling plays a pivotal role in the activation of immune responses, and drugs that block this pathway have been shown to be effective for the immunosuppression in patients with organ transplantation to alleviate/eliminate allograft rejection. The first humanized monoclonal antibody （mAb） daclizumab falls into this category and shows high specificity and affinity against a key component of the IL-2 receptor complex, namely IL-2Ra. To reveal the molecular mechanism of the inhibition of the IL-2 signaling pathway by dacllzumab, we determined the crystal structures of the daclizumab Fab in free form and in complex with the IL-2Ra ectodomain at 2.6 and 2.8 A resolution, respectively. The daclizumab Fab adopts a similar conformation in the presence or absence of the IL- 2Ra ectodomain. The antigen-binding site of daclizumab is mainly composed of live complementarity determining regions （CDRs） that form a large positively charged surface depression and two flanking patches that are generally hydrophobic. The conformational epitope consists of several discontinuous segments of the IL-2Ru ectodomain, a large portion of which overlaps with the regions that interact with IL-2, suggesting that the binding of daclizumab to IL-2Ra would prevent the IL-2 binding to IL-2Ra and the subsequent formation of the IL-2fIL-2Ra[~/c complex, and therefore block the IL-2 signaling pathway. These results also have implications for the design and development of improved mAb drugs targeting IL-2Ra.展开更多
P68 RNA helicase is a prototypical DEAD box RNA helicase. The protein plays a very important role in early organ development and maturation. Consistent with the function of the protein in transcriptional regulation an...P68 RNA helicase is a prototypical DEAD box RNA helicase. The protein plays a very important role in early organ development and maturation. Consistent with the function of the protein in transcriptional regulation and pre-mRNA splicing, p68 was found to predominately localize in the cell nucleus. However, recent experiments demon- strate a transient cytoplasmic localization of the protein. We report here that p68 shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of p68 is mediated by two nuclear localization signal and two nuclear exporting signal sequence elements. Our experiments reveal that p68 shuttles via a classical RanGTPase-dependent pathway.展开更多
基金Acknowledgments We are grateful to the staff members at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility for support in diffraction data collection and other members of our group for helpful discussion. This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （2010CB833601, 2006AA02A313, and 2009ZX09503- 009）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30730028 and 90713046）, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences （KSCX2-YW-R- 107 and SIBS2008002）.
文摘Interleukin-2 （IL）-2 signaling plays a pivotal role in the activation of immune responses, and drugs that block this pathway have been shown to be effective for the immunosuppression in patients with organ transplantation to alleviate/eliminate allograft rejection. The first humanized monoclonal antibody （mAb） daclizumab falls into this category and shows high specificity and affinity against a key component of the IL-2 receptor complex, namely IL-2Ra. To reveal the molecular mechanism of the inhibition of the IL-2 signaling pathway by dacllzumab, we determined the crystal structures of the daclizumab Fab in free form and in complex with the IL-2Ra ectodomain at 2.6 and 2.8 A resolution, respectively. The daclizumab Fab adopts a similar conformation in the presence or absence of the IL- 2Ra ectodomain. The antigen-binding site of daclizumab is mainly composed of live complementarity determining regions （CDRs） that form a large positively charged surface depression and two flanking patches that are generally hydrophobic. The conformational epitope consists of several discontinuous segments of the IL-2Ru ectodomain, a large portion of which overlaps with the regions that interact with IL-2, suggesting that the binding of daclizumab to IL-2Ra would prevent the IL-2 binding to IL-2Ra and the subsequent formation of the IL-2fIL-2Ra[~/c complex, and therefore block the IL-2 signaling pathway. These results also have implications for the design and development of improved mAb drugs targeting IL-2Ra.
文摘P68 RNA helicase is a prototypical DEAD box RNA helicase. The protein plays a very important role in early organ development and maturation. Consistent with the function of the protein in transcriptional regulation and pre-mRNA splicing, p68 was found to predominately localize in the cell nucleus. However, recent experiments demon- strate a transient cytoplasmic localization of the protein. We report here that p68 shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of p68 is mediated by two nuclear localization signal and two nuclear exporting signal sequence elements. Our experiments reveal that p68 shuttles via a classical RanGTPase-dependent pathway.
