Different ratios of NPK were adopted in this research to study its effects on the objective traits of 2 early forage-rice varieties, and to obtain the optimum ratio to further improve the application technique in theo...Different ratios of NPK were adopted in this research to study its effects on the objective traits of 2 early forage-rice varieties, and to obtain the optimum ratio to further improve the application technique in theory. At the same time, the possibility of increasing yield and protein content in the grain through cultivation technique was also studied. The conclusions were：展开更多
Chitosan composites and derivatives have gained wide attentions as effective biosorbents due to their low costs and high contents of amino and hydroxyl functional groups.They have showed significant potentials of remo...Chitosan composites and derivatives have gained wide attentions as effective biosorbents due to their low costs and high contents of amino and hydroxyl functional groups.They have showed significant potentials of removing metal ions,dyes and proteins from various media.Chemical modifications that lead to the formation of the chitosan derivatives and chitosan composites have been extensively studied and widely reported in literatures.The aims of this review were to summarize the important information of the bioactivities of chitosan,highlight the various preparation methods of chitosan-based active biosorbents,and outline its potential applications in the adsorption of heavy metal ions,dyes and proteins from wastewater and aqueous solutions.展开更多
Acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain （AOSC）, a D-mannuronic acid oligosaccharide, derived from brownalgaepolysaccharide, has been completed Phase I clinical trial in China as an anti-Alzheimer＇s Disease （AD） drug c...Acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain （AOSC）, a D-mannuronic acid oligosaccharide, derived from brownalgaepolysaccharide, has been completed Phase I clinical trial in China as an anti-Alzheimer＇s Disease （AD） drug candidate. The identification of AOSC-binding protein（s） in neurons is very important for understanding its action mechanism. To determine the binding protein（s） of AOSC in neurons mediating its anti-AD activities, confocal microscopy, affinity chromatography, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） analysis were used. Confocal microscopy analysis shows that AOSC binds to SH-SY5Y cells in concentration-, time-, and temperature-dependent fashions. The AOSC binding proteins were purified by affinity chromatography and identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. The results showed that there are 349 proteins binding AOSC, including clathrin, adaptor protein-2 （AP-2） and amyloid precursor protein （APP）. These results suggest that the binding/entrance of AOSC to neurons is probably responsible for anti-AD activities.展开更多
The main goal of food security is for individual to be able to obtain adequate and quality food needed at all times, and to utilise the food to meet the body needs. Kundi is a relish Intermediate Moisture Meat （dried...The main goal of food security is for individual to be able to obtain adequate and quality food needed at all times, and to utilise the food to meet the body needs. Kundi is a relish Intermediate Moisture Meat （dried meat） product, produced in the Northern part of Nigeria. 2-3 years old male Camelus dromedarius and White Fulani animals were used for this study, 2 kg of semimembranous muscles from each animal were used, and trimmed of all external fat, connective tissues and bones. Meat samples were cut in sizeable pieces of weight ranges 70-90 grams of 6-8 cm and kept in the refrigerator for 24 hours. Fresh meat cuts were boiled for 20 minutes at 100 ~C, seasoned and oven dried for 3 hours at 170 ~C. This study assessed the proximate composition of fresh and dried meat （Kundi） products and their sensory evaluation in a completely randomized design. The results showed that fresh camel meat had 74.55% and 21.96% significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in moisture and protein content than 72.69% and 18.96% of fresh beef, while fresh beef had higher （P 〈 0.05） ether extract （6.34%） than fresh camel meat （2.39%）. Laboratory Prepared Beef Kundi （LPBK） had the highest （P 〈 0.05） value in moisture content 35.09% followed by Laboratory Prepared Camel ＇Kundi＇ （LPCK） with 33.21% while Commercial Kundi （CK） had the least. Protein obtained was inversely proportionally to moisture content. Ether extract for LPCK and LPBK were statistically similar （P 〉 0.05） and both were lower （P 〈 0.05） than value obtained for CK. The results obtained for sensory evaluation showed that the panelist rated seasoned Kundi to have the highest significant （P 〈 0.05） valve for tenderness, flavour, colour, juiciness, texture and acceptability with values 6.50, 5.30, 6.50, 6.53, 6.30 and 7.00 respectively. Study showed that dry meat products （Kundi） is of high nutritional qualities, and could be of a great relevance; to food security.展开更多
Glycerol mono laurate(GML)has been widely used as an effective antibacterial emulsifier in the food in?dustry.A total of 360 44-week-old Hy-Line brown laying hens were randomly distributed into four groups each with s...Glycerol mono laurate(GML)has been widely used as an effective antibacterial emulsifier in the food in?dustry.A total of 360 44-week-old Hy-Line brown laying hens were randomly distributed into four groups each with six replicates of 15 birds,and fed with com-soybean-meal-based diets supplemented with 0,0.15,0.30,and 0.45 g/kg GML,respectively.Our results showed that 0.15,0.30,and 0.45 g/kg GML treatments significantly decreased feed conversion ratios(FCRs)by 2.65%,7.08%,and 3.54%,respectively,and significantly increased the laying rates and average egg weights.For egg quality,GML drastically in creased albume n height and Haugh units,and enhanced yolk color.Notably,GML increased the concentrations of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and reduced the concentration of total saturated fatty acids in the yolk.The albumen composition was also significantly modified,with an increase of 1.02%in total protein content,and increased 8ntents of His(4.55%)and Glu(2.02%)under the 0.30 g/kg GML treatment.Additionally,GML treatments had positive effects on the lipid metabolism of laying hens,including lowering the serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and reducing fat deposit!on in abdominal adipose tissue.Intestinal morphology was also improved by GML treatment,with increased villus length and villus height to crypt depth ratio.Our data demonstrated that GML supplementation of laying hens could have beneficial effects on both their productivity and physiological properties,which indicates the potential application of GML as a functional feed additive and gives us a new in sight into this traditional food additive.展开更多
Protein is a major component in muscles.Biochemical or chemical changes occur during processing of fresh meat and meat products,which positively or negatively affects meat quality attributes.In this review,we discusse...Protein is a major component in muscles.Biochemical or chemical changes occur during processing of fresh meat and meat products,which positively or negatively affects meat quality attributes.In this review,we discussed research progress in three aspects:(1)protein modification,degradation and meat quality of fresh meat,(2)protein changes and quality of meat products,and(3)protein digestion.It is emphasized that protein degradation is good for meat tenderization and the production of precursors for meat flavor and taste.However,protein oxidation has the beneficial and detrimental effects in different ways.Moderate oxidation should be acceptable in terms of meat eating quality and nutritional values,but heavy oxidation should be avoided.展开更多
文摘Different ratios of NPK were adopted in this research to study its effects on the objective traits of 2 early forage-rice varieties, and to obtain the optimum ratio to further improve the application technique in theory. At the same time, the possibility of increasing yield and protein content in the grain through cultivation technique was also studied. The conclusions were：
基金financially supported by Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research Special Appropriation Project(201005020)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT1188)
文摘Chitosan composites and derivatives have gained wide attentions as effective biosorbents due to their low costs and high contents of amino and hydroxyl functional groups.They have showed significant potentials of removing metal ions,dyes and proteins from various media.Chemical modifications that lead to the formation of the chitosan derivatives and chitosan composites have been extensively studied and widely reported in literatures.The aims of this review were to summarize the important information of the bioactivities of chitosan,highlight the various preparation methods of chitosan-based active biosorbents,and outline its potential applications in the adsorption of heavy metal ions,dyes and proteins from wastewater and aqueous solutions.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No.2003CB716400)Natural Science Foundation of China for Distingutshed Young Scholars (No.30725046)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30472029,No.30772612)Chinese High technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program) (No.2006AA090501)
文摘Acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain （AOSC）, a D-mannuronic acid oligosaccharide, derived from brownalgaepolysaccharide, has been completed Phase I clinical trial in China as an anti-Alzheimer＇s Disease （AD） drug candidate. The identification of AOSC-binding protein（s） in neurons is very important for understanding its action mechanism. To determine the binding protein（s） of AOSC in neurons mediating its anti-AD activities, confocal microscopy, affinity chromatography, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） analysis were used. Confocal microscopy analysis shows that AOSC binds to SH-SY5Y cells in concentration-, time-, and temperature-dependent fashions. The AOSC binding proteins were purified by affinity chromatography and identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. The results showed that there are 349 proteins binding AOSC, including clathrin, adaptor protein-2 （AP-2） and amyloid precursor protein （APP）. These results suggest that the binding/entrance of AOSC to neurons is probably responsible for anti-AD activities.
文摘The main goal of food security is for individual to be able to obtain adequate and quality food needed at all times, and to utilise the food to meet the body needs. Kundi is a relish Intermediate Moisture Meat （dried meat） product, produced in the Northern part of Nigeria. 2-3 years old male Camelus dromedarius and White Fulani animals were used for this study, 2 kg of semimembranous muscles from each animal were used, and trimmed of all external fat, connective tissues and bones. Meat samples were cut in sizeable pieces of weight ranges 70-90 grams of 6-8 cm and kept in the refrigerator for 24 hours. Fresh meat cuts were boiled for 20 minutes at 100 ~C, seasoned and oven dried for 3 hours at 170 ~C. This study assessed the proximate composition of fresh and dried meat （Kundi） products and their sensory evaluation in a completely randomized design. The results showed that fresh camel meat had 74.55% and 21.96% significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in moisture and protein content than 72.69% and 18.96% of fresh beef, while fresh beef had higher （P 〈 0.05） ether extract （6.34%） than fresh camel meat （2.39%）. Laboratory Prepared Beef Kundi （LPBK） had the highest （P 〈 0.05） value in moisture content 35.09% followed by Laboratory Prepared Camel ＇Kundi＇ （LPCK） with 33.21% while Commercial Kundi （CK） had the least. Protein obtained was inversely proportionally to moisture content. Ether extract for LPCK and LPBK were statistically similar （P 〉 0.05） and both were lower （P 〈 0.05） than value obtained for CK. The results obtained for sensory evaluation showed that the panelist rated seasoned Kundi to have the highest significant （P 〈 0.05） valve for tenderness, flavour, colour, juiciness, texture and acceptability with values 6.50, 5.30, 6.50, 6.53, 6.30 and 7.00 respectively. Study showed that dry meat products （Kundi） is of high nutritional qualities, and could be of a great relevance; to food security.
基金Project supported by the Technology and Achievement Transformation Project of Hangzhou,China(No.20161631E01)the Zhejiang University New Rural Development Research Institute Agricultural Technology Promotion Fund(No.2017006)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY18C200006)the Basic Research Project of Education Department of Zhejiang Province(No.Y201737161),China
文摘Glycerol mono laurate(GML)has been widely used as an effective antibacterial emulsifier in the food in?dustry.A total of 360 44-week-old Hy-Line brown laying hens were randomly distributed into four groups each with six replicates of 15 birds,and fed with com-soybean-meal-based diets supplemented with 0,0.15,0.30,and 0.45 g/kg GML,respectively.Our results showed that 0.15,0.30,and 0.45 g/kg GML treatments significantly decreased feed conversion ratios(FCRs)by 2.65%,7.08%,and 3.54%,respectively,and significantly increased the laying rates and average egg weights.For egg quality,GML drastically in creased albume n height and Haugh units,and enhanced yolk color.Notably,GML increased the concentrations of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and reduced the concentration of total saturated fatty acids in the yolk.The albumen composition was also significantly modified,with an increase of 1.02%in total protein content,and increased 8ntents of His(4.55%)and Glu(2.02%)under the 0.30 g/kg GML treatment.Additionally,GML treatments had positive effects on the lipid metabolism of laying hens,including lowering the serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and reducing fat deposit!on in abdominal adipose tissue.Intestinal morphology was also improved by GML treatment,with increased villus length and villus height to crypt depth ratio.Our data demonstrated that GML supplementation of laying hens could have beneficial effects on both their productivity and physiological properties,which indicates the potential application of GML as a functional feed additive and gives us a new in sight into this traditional food additive.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31530054)
文摘Protein is a major component in muscles.Biochemical or chemical changes occur during processing of fresh meat and meat products,which positively or negatively affects meat quality attributes.In this review,we discussed research progress in three aspects:(1)protein modification,degradation and meat quality of fresh meat,(2)protein changes and quality of meat products,and(3)protein digestion.It is emphasized that protein degradation is good for meat tenderization and the production of precursors for meat flavor and taste.However,protein oxidation has the beneficial and detrimental effects in different ways.Moderate oxidation should be acceptable in terms of meat eating quality and nutritional values,but heavy oxidation should be avoided.
