The demand for highly porous yet transparent aerogels with mechanical flexibility and solar-thermal dual-regulation for energy-saving windows is significant but challenging.Herein,a delaminated aerogel film(DAF)is fab...The demand for highly porous yet transparent aerogels with mechanical flexibility and solar-thermal dual-regulation for energy-saving windows is significant but challenging.Herein,a delaminated aerogel film(DAF)is fabricated through filtration-induced delaminated gelation and ambient drying.The delaminated gelation process involves the assembly of fluorinated cellulose nanofiber(FCNF)at the solid-liquid interface between the filter and the filtrate during filtration,resulting in the formation of lamellar FCNF hydrogels with strong intra-plane and weak interlayer hydrogen bonding.By exchanging the solvents from water to hexane,the hydrogen bonding in the FCNF hydrogel is further enhanced,enabling the formation of the DAF with intra-layer mesopores upon ambient drying.The resulting aerogel film is lightweight and ultra-flexible,which pos-sesses desirable properties of high visible-light transmittance(91.0%),low thermal conductivity(33 mW m^(-1) K^(-1)),and high atmospheric-window emissivity(90.1%).Furthermore,the DAF exhibits reduced surface energy and exceptional hydrophobicity due to the presence of fluorine-containing groups,enhancing its durability and UV resistance.Consequently,the DAF has demonstrated its potential as solar-thermal regulatory cooling window materials capable of simultaneously providing indoor lighting,thermal insulation,and daytime radiative cooling under direct sunlight.Significantly,the enclosed space protected by the DAF exhibits a temperature reduction of 2.6℃ compared to that shielded by conventional architectural glass.展开更多
Tianxi Liu was missed to be denoted as a corresponding author in the article.Both Chao Zhang and Tianxi Liu are the corresponding authors of this article.The original article has been corrected.Open Access This articl...Tianxi Liu was missed to be denoted as a corresponding author in the article.Both Chao Zhang and Tianxi Liu are the corresponding authors of this article.The original article has been corrected.Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,which permits use,sharing,adaptation,distribution,and reproduction in any medium or format,as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s)and the source,provide a link to the Creative Commons licence,and indicate if changes were made.The images or other third-party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence,unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use,you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.展开更多
Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in the sea adjacent to the Changjiang River Estuary(CJE),one of the global major estuaries.Submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)is a widely recognized pathway for terrestrial materials en...Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in the sea adjacent to the Changjiang River Estuary(CJE),one of the global major estuaries.Submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)is a widely recognized pathway for terrestrial materials entering the sea,and has been found to be significant off the CJE.We used a^(222)Rn mass balance model to estimate the SGD fluxes off the CJE and showed that it is linked to seasonal dissolved oxygen(DO)variations.Average SGD fluxes were estimated to be(0.012±0.010)m^(3)/(m^(2)·d)in winter,(0.034±0.015)m^(3)/(m^(2)·d)in summer,and(0.020±0.010)m^(3)/(m^(2)·d)in autumn.We found a significant negative correlation between DO concentrations and SGD rates with groundwater discharge being highest in the summer flood season.In addition,distribution patterns of SGD and hypoxia zones in summer are spatially overlapped,indicating that SGD is an important contributor to summer hypoxia in this region.展开更多
Tumor microenvironments(TMEs)have received increasing attention in recent years as they play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis,progression,metastases,and resistance to the traditional modalities of cancer therapy like ch...Tumor microenvironments(TMEs)have received increasing attention in recent years as they play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis,progression,metastases,and resistance to the traditional modalities of cancer therapy like chemotherapy.With the rapid development of nanotechnology,effective antineoplastic nanotherapeutics targeting the aberrant hallmarks of TMEs have been proposed.The appropriate design and fabrication endow nanomedicines with the abilities for active targeting,TMEs-responsiveness,and optimization of physicochemical properties of tumors,thereby overcoming transport barriers and significantly improving antineoplastic therapeutic benefits.This review begins with the origins and characteristics of TMEs and discusses the latest strategies for modulating the TMEs by focusing on the regulation of biochemical microenvironments,such as tumor acidosis,hypoxia,and dysregulated metabolism.Finally,this review summarizes the challenges in the development of smart anti-cancer nanotherapeutics for TME modulation and examines the promising strategies for combination therapies with traditional treatments for further clinical translation.展开更多
Salmeterol is a long-acting β2-agonist that activates adenylate cyclase, causing long-lasting bronchodilation and has been used for many years to control asthma. However, little information is available about the imm...Salmeterol is a long-acting β2-agonist that activates adenylate cyclase, causing long-lasting bronchodilation and has been used for many years to control asthma. However, little information is available about the immunoregulatory effects of salmeterol. We found that salmeterol decreases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a model of allergen-challenged mice that expressed tumor-necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6. Dendritic cells （DCs） are antigen-presenting cells and act as sentinels in the airway. We found that salmeterol （10-s mol/I） reduced the inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharide （0.1 pg/ml） in activated murine bone marrow-derived DCs. Moreover, western blots demonstrated that this protective effect was mediated partially by inhibiting signaling through the nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB）, mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathways and dramatically decreased levels of p-ERK. We suggest that salmeterol regulates the inflammation of allergen-induced asthma by modulating DCs. In conclusion, we provide evidence that DCs are the target immune cells responsible for the action of salmeterol against asthma.展开更多
Platelet activation is associated with multiple immune responses and the pathogenesis of various immune-related diseases. However, the exact role and the underlying mechanism of platelets in the progression of allergi...Platelet activation is associated with multiple immune responses and the pathogenesis of various immune-related diseases. However, the exact role and the underlying mechanism of platelets in the progression of allergic asthma remain largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that during antigen sensitization, platelets can be activated by ovalbumin （OVA） aerosol viathe upregulation of CD154 （CD4OL） expression. Platelet transfer promoted allergic asthma progression by inducing more severe leukocyte infiltration and lung inflammation, elevated IgE production and strengthened T helper 2 （Th2） responses in asthma-induced mice. Accordingly, platelet depletion compromised allergic asthma progression. CdI54-deficient platelets failed to promote asthma development, indicating the requirement of CD154 for platelets to promote asthma progression. The mechanistic study showed that platelets inhibited the induction of Foxp3 ＋ regulatory T cells both in vivoand in vitroat least partially through CD154, providing an explanation for the increase of Th2 responses by platelet transfer. Our study reveals the previously unknown role of platelet CD154 in the promotion of asthma progression by polarizing Th2 responses and inhibiting regulatory T-cell generation and thus provides a potential clue for allergic disease interventions.展开更多
Various biological behaviors can only be observed in 3D at high speed over the long term with low phototoxicity.Light-field microscopy(LFM)provides an elegant compact solution to record 3D information in a tomographic...Various biological behaviors can only be observed in 3D at high speed over the long term with low phototoxicity.Light-field microscopy(LFM)provides an elegant compact solution to record 3D information in a tomographic manner simultaneously,which can facilitate high photon efficiency.However,LFM still suffers from the missing-cone problem,leading to degraded axial resolution and ringing effects after deconvolution.Here,we propose a mirrorenhanced scanning LFM(MiSLFM)to achieve long-term high-speed 3D imaging at super-resolved axial resolution with a single objective,by fully exploiting the extended depth of field of LFM with a tilted mirror placed below samples.To establish the unique capabilities of MiSLFM,we performed extensive experiments,we observed various organelle interactions and intercellular interactions in different types of photosensitive cells under extremely low light conditions.Moreover,we demonstrated that superior axial resolution facilitates more robust blood cell tracking in zebrafish larvae at high speed.展开更多
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52273067,52122303,52233006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2232023A-03)the Shuguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(23SG29).
文摘The demand for highly porous yet transparent aerogels with mechanical flexibility and solar-thermal dual-regulation for energy-saving windows is significant but challenging.Herein,a delaminated aerogel film(DAF)is fabricated through filtration-induced delaminated gelation and ambient drying.The delaminated gelation process involves the assembly of fluorinated cellulose nanofiber(FCNF)at the solid-liquid interface between the filter and the filtrate during filtration,resulting in the formation of lamellar FCNF hydrogels with strong intra-plane and weak interlayer hydrogen bonding.By exchanging the solvents from water to hexane,the hydrogen bonding in the FCNF hydrogel is further enhanced,enabling the formation of the DAF with intra-layer mesopores upon ambient drying.The resulting aerogel film is lightweight and ultra-flexible,which pos-sesses desirable properties of high visible-light transmittance(91.0%),low thermal conductivity(33 mW m^(-1) K^(-1)),and high atmospheric-window emissivity(90.1%).Furthermore,the DAF exhibits reduced surface energy and exceptional hydrophobicity due to the presence of fluorine-containing groups,enhancing its durability and UV resistance.Consequently,the DAF has demonstrated its potential as solar-thermal regulatory cooling window materials capable of simultaneously providing indoor lighting,thermal insulation,and daytime radiative cooling under direct sunlight.Significantly,the enclosed space protected by the DAF exhibits a temperature reduction of 2.6℃ compared to that shielded by conventional architectural glass.
文摘Tianxi Liu was missed to be denoted as a corresponding author in the article.Both Chao Zhang and Tianxi Liu are the corresponding authors of this article.The original article has been corrected.Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,which permits use,sharing,adaptation,distribution,and reproduction in any medium or format,as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s)and the source,provide a link to the Creative Commons licence,and indicate if changes were made.The images or other third-party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence,unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use,you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42130410 and U22A20580the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under contract No.202341002.
文摘Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in the sea adjacent to the Changjiang River Estuary(CJE),one of the global major estuaries.Submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)is a widely recognized pathway for terrestrial materials entering the sea,and has been found to be significant off the CJE.We used a^(222)Rn mass balance model to estimate the SGD fluxes off the CJE and showed that it is linked to seasonal dissolved oxygen(DO)variations.Average SGD fluxes were estimated to be(0.012±0.010)m^(3)/(m^(2)·d)in winter,(0.034±0.015)m^(3)/(m^(2)·d)in summer,and(0.020±0.010)m^(3)/(m^(2)·d)in autumn.We found a significant negative correlation between DO concentrations and SGD rates with groundwater discharge being highest in the summer flood season.In addition,distribution patterns of SGD and hypoxia zones in summer are spatially overlapped,indicating that SGD is an important contributor to summer hypoxia in this region.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2400600/2021YFC2400605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U23A20591,52273158,82203131,and 81972517)+1 种基金the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(Grant No.22YF1435800 and 20QA1408000)the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(Grant No.20240101002JJ).
文摘Tumor microenvironments(TMEs)have received increasing attention in recent years as they play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis,progression,metastases,and resistance to the traditional modalities of cancer therapy like chemotherapy.With the rapid development of nanotechnology,effective antineoplastic nanotherapeutics targeting the aberrant hallmarks of TMEs have been proposed.The appropriate design and fabrication endow nanomedicines with the abilities for active targeting,TMEs-responsiveness,and optimization of physicochemical properties of tumors,thereby overcoming transport barriers and significantly improving antineoplastic therapeutic benefits.This review begins with the origins and characteristics of TMEs and discusses the latest strategies for modulating the TMEs by focusing on the regulation of biochemical microenvironments,such as tumor acidosis,hypoxia,and dysregulated metabolism.Finally,this review summarizes the challenges in the development of smart anti-cancer nanotherapeutics for TME modulation and examines the promising strategies for combination therapies with traditional treatments for further clinical translation.
文摘Salmeterol is a long-acting β2-agonist that activates adenylate cyclase, causing long-lasting bronchodilation and has been used for many years to control asthma. However, little information is available about the immunoregulatory effects of salmeterol. We found that salmeterol decreases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a model of allergen-challenged mice that expressed tumor-necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6. Dendritic cells （DCs） are antigen-presenting cells and act as sentinels in the airway. We found that salmeterol （10-s mol/I） reduced the inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharide （0.1 pg/ml） in activated murine bone marrow-derived DCs. Moreover, western blots demonstrated that this protective effect was mediated partially by inhibiting signaling through the nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB）, mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathways and dramatically decreased levels of p-ERK. We suggest that salmeterol regulates the inflammation of allergen-induced asthma by modulating DCs. In conclusion, we provide evidence that DCs are the target immune cells responsible for the action of salmeterol against asthma.
文摘Platelet activation is associated with multiple immune responses and the pathogenesis of various immune-related diseases. However, the exact role and the underlying mechanism of platelets in the progression of allergic asthma remain largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that during antigen sensitization, platelets can be activated by ovalbumin （OVA） aerosol viathe upregulation of CD154 （CD4OL） expression. Platelet transfer promoted allergic asthma progression by inducing more severe leukocyte infiltration and lung inflammation, elevated IgE production and strengthened T helper 2 （Th2） responses in asthma-induced mice. Accordingly, platelet depletion compromised allergic asthma progression. CdI54-deficient platelets failed to promote asthma development, indicating the requirement of CD154 for platelets to promote asthma progression. The mechanistic study showed that platelets inhibited the induction of Foxp3 ＋ regulatory T cells both in vivoand in vitroat least partially through CD154, providing an explanation for the increase of Th2 responses by platelet transfer. Our study reveals the previously unknown role of platelet CD154 in the promotion of asthma progression by polarizing Th2 responses and inhibiting regulatory T-cell generation and thus provides a potential clue for allergic disease interventions.
文摘Various biological behaviors can only be observed in 3D at high speed over the long term with low phototoxicity.Light-field microscopy(LFM)provides an elegant compact solution to record 3D information in a tomographic manner simultaneously,which can facilitate high photon efficiency.However,LFM still suffers from the missing-cone problem,leading to degraded axial resolution and ringing effects after deconvolution.Here,we propose a mirrorenhanced scanning LFM(MiSLFM)to achieve long-term high-speed 3D imaging at super-resolved axial resolution with a single objective,by fully exploiting the extended depth of field of LFM with a tilted mirror placed below samples.To establish the unique capabilities of MiSLFM,we performed extensive experiments,we observed various organelle interactions and intercellular interactions in different types of photosensitive cells under extremely low light conditions.Moreover,we demonstrated that superior axial resolution facilitates more robust blood cell tracking in zebrafish larvae at high speed.
