为科学合理地选择刺梨果实人工干燥实用技术,最大限度减少干制后原料品质变化和营养损失,以刺梨鲜果与冻果为原料,比较热风干燥和远红外干燥技术并构建干燥模型,同时采用逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity...为科学合理地选择刺梨果实人工干燥实用技术,最大限度减少干制后原料品质变化和营养损失,以刺梨鲜果与冻果为原料,比较热风干燥和远红外干燥技术并构建干燥模型,同时采用逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)法和电子鼻技术评价其综合品质指标及风味特征差异,确定最佳干燥技术条件。结果表明:Page模型对鲜果热风干燥、远红外干燥和冻果远红外燥拟合度最高,Diffusion approximation模型对冻果热风干燥拟合度最好,以上模型可以用来描述和预测刺梨的干燥进程。通过TOPSIS法和电子鼻技术得出,刺梨冻果采用50℃远红外干燥时,干制品的复水比为7.41,褐变度为0.103,VC含量损失率为29.39%,总酚含量损失率为39.54%,还原糖含量损失率为13.58%,总黄酮含量损失率为11.09%,Ci值为0.9580,最接近理想解,且风味与鲜果最为接近,说明该干燥方式及干燥条件下刺梨干制品综合品质最优。展开更多
Objective： To explore the expression and meaning of Toll-like receptor 2/4 in alveolar macrophage during the process of total hepatic ischemia in mice. Methods： BALB/c mice were used in a model of total hepatic isch...Objective： To explore the expression and meaning of Toll-like receptor 2/4 in alveolar macrophage during the process of total hepatic ischemia in mice. Methods： BALB/c mice were used in a model of total hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. Alveolar Macrophage were collected at the time point of lh, 6h and 12h by the means of bronchoalveolar lavage （BAL）, and its TLR2/4 mRNA and protein were detected with Flow Cytometry and Real-time PCR. The level of TNF in BAL fluid were measured. The concentration of MPO, the ratio of wet/dry and lung histological scores were used to assess the degrees of lung injuries. Results： At the three time points of hepatic ischemia reperfusion, the expression of TLR2/4 protein of and mRNA were up-regulated and the level of TLR2 was on the rise continually. TLR4 at the time of 6 h reached the peak value （P〈0.01）. The level of TNF-2 in BAL fluid reached the highest point at the time of 6 h （P〈0.01）. The ratio of wet/dry rose continually during hepatic ischemia reperfusion. After 1 h, the level of MPO increased rapidly. Then it reached the peak value during the period of 6 h to 12 h. Conclusion： TLR2/4 on the mice of alveolar macrophage were activated in the process of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion and involved in the injury of lung.展开更多
This paper presents an interactive graphics processing unit （GPU）-based relighting system in which local lighting condition, surface materials and viewing direction can all be changed on the fly. To support these ch...This paper presents an interactive graphics processing unit （GPU）-based relighting system in which local lighting condition, surface materials and viewing direction can all be changed on the fly. To support these changes, we simulate the lighting transportation process at run time, which is normally impractical for interactive use due to its huge computational burden. We greatly alleviate this burden by a hierarchical structure named a transportation tree that clusters similar emitting samples together within a perceptually acceptable error bound. Furthermore, by exploiting the coherence in time as well as in space, we incrementally adjust the clusters rather than computing them from scratch in each frame. With a pre-computed visibility map, we are able to efficiently estimate the indirect illumination in parallel on graphics hardware, by simply summing up the radiance shoots from cluster representatives, plus a small number of operations of merging and splitting on clusters. With relighting based on the time-varying clusters, interactive update of global illumination effects with multi-bounced indirect lighting is demonstrated in applications to material animation and scene decoration.展开更多
In this paper, a novel concept of multilayer synthesis and a general framework for texture synthesis method are presented. Within this framework, we first decompose the texture into the supposed pattern layer and mate...In this paper, a novel concept of multilayer synthesis and a general framework for texture synthesis method are presented. Within this framework, we first decompose the texture into the supposed pattern layer and material layer in the frequency domain by an E-texton extracting algorithm, then manipulate and extend them respectively according to their own personalities, and finally merge the newly synthesized pattern layer and material layer again to generate the final output. Experiment results show that our method not only greatly improves the synthesis quality for those cases that single-layer synthesis cannot handle well but also provides an ability of achieving various special synthesis effects.展开更多
文摘为科学合理地选择刺梨果实人工干燥实用技术,最大限度减少干制后原料品质变化和营养损失,以刺梨鲜果与冻果为原料,比较热风干燥和远红外干燥技术并构建干燥模型,同时采用逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)法和电子鼻技术评价其综合品质指标及风味特征差异,确定最佳干燥技术条件。结果表明:Page模型对鲜果热风干燥、远红外干燥和冻果远红外燥拟合度最高,Diffusion approximation模型对冻果热风干燥拟合度最好,以上模型可以用来描述和预测刺梨的干燥进程。通过TOPSIS法和电子鼻技术得出,刺梨冻果采用50℃远红外干燥时,干制品的复水比为7.41,褐变度为0.103,VC含量损失率为29.39%,总酚含量损失率为39.54%,还原糖含量损失率为13.58%,总黄酮含量损失率为11.09%,Ci值为0.9580,最接近理想解,且风味与鲜果最为接近,说明该干燥方式及干燥条件下刺梨干制品综合品质最优。
文摘Objective： To explore the expression and meaning of Toll-like receptor 2/4 in alveolar macrophage during the process of total hepatic ischemia in mice. Methods： BALB/c mice were used in a model of total hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. Alveolar Macrophage were collected at the time point of lh, 6h and 12h by the means of bronchoalveolar lavage （BAL）, and its TLR2/4 mRNA and protein were detected with Flow Cytometry and Real-time PCR. The level of TNF in BAL fluid were measured. The concentration of MPO, the ratio of wet/dry and lung histological scores were used to assess the degrees of lung injuries. Results： At the three time points of hepatic ischemia reperfusion, the expression of TLR2/4 protein of and mRNA were up-regulated and the level of TLR2 was on the rise continually. TLR4 at the time of 6 h reached the peak value （P〈0.01）. The level of TNF-2 in BAL fluid reached the highest point at the time of 6 h （P〈0.01）. The ratio of wet/dry rose continually during hepatic ischemia reperfusion. After 1 h, the level of MPO increased rapidly. Then it reached the peak value during the period of 6 h to 12 h. Conclusion： TLR2/4 on the mice of alveolar macrophage were activated in the process of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion and involved in the injury of lung.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB320802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 60833007)+1 种基金the National High-Tech Research & Development Progran of China (Grant No. 2008AA01Z301)the ResearchGrant of the University of Macao
文摘This paper presents an interactive graphics processing unit （GPU）-based relighting system in which local lighting condition, surface materials and viewing direction can all be changed on the fly. To support these changes, we simulate the lighting transportation process at run time, which is normally impractical for interactive use due to its huge computational burden. We greatly alleviate this burden by a hierarchical structure named a transportation tree that clusters similar emitting samples together within a perceptually acceptable error bound. Furthermore, by exploiting the coherence in time as well as in space, we incrementally adjust the clusters rather than computing them from scratch in each frame. With a pre-computed visibility map, we are able to efficiently estimate the indirect illumination in parallel on graphics hardware, by simply summing up the radiance shoots from cluster representatives, plus a small number of operations of merging and splitting on clusters. With relighting based on the time-varying clusters, interactive update of global illumination effects with multi-bounced indirect lighting is demonstrated in applications to material animation and scene decoration.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61103219, 60970114)the Program of State Key Lab of Software Engineering (SKLSE 2010-08-24)+3 种基金Fund of Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology (KJ-11-06-2)the Project of Software Science of Hubei Public Security Department,Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3101045)the National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship training program(111048651)the Fund of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd (YBCB2011127)
文摘In this paper, a novel concept of multilayer synthesis and a general framework for texture synthesis method are presented. Within this framework, we first decompose the texture into the supposed pattern layer and material layer in the frequency domain by an E-texton extracting algorithm, then manipulate and extend them respectively according to their own personalities, and finally merge the newly synthesized pattern layer and material layer again to generate the final output. Experiment results show that our method not only greatly improves the synthesis quality for those cases that single-layer synthesis cannot handle well but also provides an ability of achieving various special synthesis effects.
