摘要
Rechargeable Li batteries as electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices are continuously changing human life. In order to meet the increasing demand for energy and power density, it is essential and urgent to exploit the electrode materials with high capacity and fast charge transfer(for Li-ion and Li-S batteries) and electrocatalysts with high activity(for rechargeable Li-O2 batteries). The high capacity is attributed to high electron transfer number and low molecular weight of the electrode materials. Combined with proper nanostructure design, the electronic transfer and ionic conductivity will be improved. This review summarizes recent efforts to apply electrode materials for Li-ion batteries with multi-electron reaction, Li-S batteries, and efficient electrocatalysts for Li-O2 batteries. The methods to enhance the cycling and rate performance have been discussed in detail. Advanced rechargeable Li batteries with multi-electron reaction will become the research emphasis in the future.
作为电化学能源存储与转换的重要设备,锂二次电池不断地改善着人类的生活.为了满足人们对能量密度和功率密度不断增长的需求,急需为锂离子电池和锂硫二次电池开发高容量、可快速充放的电极材料,寻找用于可充式锂空气电池的高活性的催化剂.高容量要求电极材料具有高的电荷转移数和小的分子质量,快速的电荷转移要求材料离子传输距离短、反应活性位点多,而设计制备纳米结构材料是改善电荷转移和离子电导率的有效手段.本综述总结了最近在锂离子电池、锂硫二次电池和可充式锂空气电池中多电子反应的研究进展,详细地讨论了提高电池倍率和循环性能的方法.可发生多电子反应的先进的锂电池将成为未来的研究重点.
基金
supported by the State Key Project of Fundamental Research for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (2011CB935900)
the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (21322101, 21231005)
the Ministry of Education (B12015, IRT13R30, 113016A)
