摘要
借助于水文学对不同下垫面状态的产流模式研究的成果 ,建立了计算四湖流域两个调蓄湖泊汛期洪峰水位的模型。模拟分析的结果表明 ,在 4种同样的降雨条件下 ,景观结构变化使长湖汛期日水位平均增加 0 .0 831～ 1 .32 2 3m,最大增加 0 .1 5 79～ 1 .85 83m,使洪湖汛期日水位平均增加 1 .0 81 0～ 2 .30 0 8m,最大增加 1 .41 0 1～ 2 .4864m。证明景观结构变化是引起洪涝灾害加剧的重要原因且景观结构变化对湖泊洪峰水位的影响存在一种累加效应。景观结构的调整也是控制洪涝灾害的重要途径。
The areas of forestry in the upper reach and lakes in the lower reach of many watersheds have been on the decrease, so the flood problem has become mo re frequent and worse in China. Great attention must be paid to research about t he effect of the changing landscape structure on the hydrological process of wat ershed.; The watershed in study here, Sihu watershed in Hubei, China, is a plain consisti ng of paddy field, fishpond, lake and dry land. There were different runoff-yie l d models for the four kinds of landscape structure in hydrology. There were two big lakes which can store up the excess flood in the watershed, one was Changhu located in the upper reach and another was Honghu in the lower. By the use of th ese runoff-yield models, one watershed's model for computing the two lakes' wat e r level in the watershed was made. In the model, the landscape structure of the watershed and the rainfall were used as input variances. Because much change of the landscape structure took place between 1950'and 1980', which was the result of reclaiming lake to field in the period, the area of lakes in the watershed de creased from 2783.4 km2 to 691.96 km2, the two data of the landscape struc ture w ere put to the model as input value to analyze the effect caused by it on the la kes' water level. Big floods took place in 1980,1983,1991 and 1996 in the waters hed, so the rainfalls in the four years were also put in the model as input valu es. 〓〓 The every-day water level of the two lakes in the four flooding periods under t h e two kinds of landscape structure in 1950' and 1980' were obtained from the mod eling. When the every day' rainfall in flooding period in 1980 was put in the mo del, the every-day level of Changhu with the landscape structure in 1980' incre a sed 1.3223m on average and the maximum increase amounted to 1.8583m compared w it h the landscape structure in 1950', and that of Honghu, the average increase was 2.3008m and the maximum increase 2.4864m. When the rainfalls in 1983,1991 and 1 996 were put in the model, the average increases were 0.1303m, 0.0831m and 0. 134 7m respectively, and the maximum increases 0.2001m, 0.1809m and 0.1579m for C han ghu while that of Honghu were 1.7200m, 1.0810m and 1.7865m and the maximum in cre ases 2.0982m, 1.4101m and 2.1010m. It was proved that the change of the lands cap e structure was one important cause of worsening floods. There was a cumulative effect of changing landscape structure on the lakes' water level in flooding per iod, which can be seen from the fact that the increase of the lakes' water level increased with the increase of the rainfall. In the watershed, the effect of th e changing landscape structure on the water level makes it a problem to ensure t he safety of the people and their belongings in the area in flooding period. The adjusting of the landscape structure is necessary to control flood.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第4期642-648,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
湖北省自然科学基金资助项目 ( 99J1 0 5 )~~
关键词
景观结构
产流模式
湖泊水位
洪涝灾害
累加效应
水文学
landscape structure； runoff-yield model； lakes'water level； flood； cumulative effect
