摘要
作为《中国哲学史大纲》的骨架的“诸子不出于王官论” ,是胡适的一大创见。此说的建立 ,缘于从“哲学方法的性质”角度探讨“中国之所以缺乏科学研究”的问题意识 ,借助了以康有为为中心的晚清经今文家说 ,运用了杜威式的实用主义以及其他西学新知。胡适取“九流出于王官”之旧说而代之的 ,是一种根于“进化论”观念、以“历史的眼光”得来的全新的历史解释模式以及一种“疑古”的取向 ,意义重大。此说开创了关于诸子学起源的自由解释之风气 ,对 2 0世纪二三十年代史学界中的“疑古”、“释古”、“信古”各派均有影响 ;在使“经学”从属于“子学”、使“诸子学”成为“中国哲学史”、“中国思想史”的源头的潮流中 ,胡适所作的决定性的论断 ,影响更远 ;通过严格考辨文献的著述年代来确定学术思想史的脉络 ,通过了解思想家的生活的“时代”来探讨思想学术发生发展的原因 ,乃是 2 0世纪哲学史、学术思想史研究中尤为重要而有影响力的范式更新。
The theory that “the classical schools of philosophy did not originate in officialdom” is the backbone of An Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy, and one of Hu Shi’s great intellectual innovations. The theory sets out to overturnthe theory that “the nine schools of philosophy originated in officialdom” which appears in the “Essay on the Arts” of the Han Shu, and had dominated the history of philosophy for a long time. The formulation of the theory had its origin in exploring the question of “why China lacks scientific research” from the angle of “the nature of scientific method.” It drew on the ideas of the late Qing jinwen scholars centered around Kang Youwei, and made use of Dewey-style pragmatism and other new Western ideas. In place of the old ideas of respecting the classics, worshipping antiquity, stressing official scholarship and belittling private scholarship, Hu Shi substituted a tendency towards “doubting the ancients,” and an entirely new mode of historical interpretation based on “historical vision” and rooted in the concept of “modernization.” This was a momentous innovation. The theory opened up a whole new ethos of free interpretation of the origins of the schools of classical philosophy. It influenced the “Doubting the Ancients,” “Interpreting the Ancients” and “Faith in the Ancients” schools of historiography in the 1920’s and 1930’s. Hu Shi’s crucial thesis had even wider influence in the movement towards making the study of the Classics subsidiary to the study of the classical philosophy in general, and making “the schools of classical philosophy” the point of origin for the history of Chinese philosophy and the history of Chinese thought. In the 20th century, the most important and influential methodological innovations in studies of the history of philosophy and the history of scholarly thought have been to determine the path of the history of scholarly thought through rigorous examination of the period of authorship of documents, and to explore the reasons for the rise and development of scholarly thought through understanding the period in which thinkers lived. This paper sets out to examine the effect of Hu Shi’s “challenging the established practice instead of founding a new school” on the metamorphosis of traditional Chinese scholarship and the establishment of modern humane studies in China.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2003年第1期38-100,共63页
Modern Chinese History Studies
