摘要
食源分析是麋鹿保护中研究麋鹿栖息地需求的核心,也是了解麋鹿与环境之间的相互关系、判断环境容量以及进行资源管理的前提和基础。选取保护区第一核心区和第三核心区为研究区域,分别于2019年5月、7月、10月和12月进行野外调查,收集麋鹿食源植物样本及粪便样本,运用碳氮稳定同位素技术分别对不同月份互花米草、碱蓬、白茅、狼尾草、狗牙根和糙叶薹草6种食源植物及麋鹿粪便进行测定并进行相关性分析,应用贝叶斯模型分析不同植物对麋鹿食源的贡献率,分析不同季节麋鹿食性变化。研究发现,食源植物的种类、数量及营养价值均影响麋鹿取食行为。结果显示,5月、7月、10月和12月对麋鹿食源贡献率最高的植物分别为互花米草、狗牙根、互花米草和互花米草,贡献率分别为39.0%、42.8%、47.9%和31.9%。5月、7月、10月和12月,狗牙根和互花米草对麋鹿食源的贡献存在显著变化,表明麋鹿对食源植物的选择存在季节差异。C_(3)植物和C_(4)植物在不同月份对麋鹿的贡献率存在差异。在不同季节,麋鹿粪便的δ^(13)C值与食源植物的δ^(13) C值显示出一定变化趋势,保护区内麋鹿混食C_(3)和C_(4)植物,尽管C_(4)植物占比大于C_(3)植物,但不能确定麋鹿更喜爱C_(4)植物;互花米草对第三核心区麋鹿食源的贡献率较高,狼尾草对麋鹿食源的贡献率较低,表明麋鹿在选择食物时偏好营养价值高的植物;不同月份麋鹿粪便的δ^(13) C和δ^(15) N值变化表明,不同季节麋鹿的食物组成不同,以满足其营养需求。了解麋鹿食性变化不仅为今后制定有效管理和保护策略提供科学支持,也为麋鹿保护区的管理与生境恢复提供理论依据。
Food source analysis is the foundation of the research of Elaphurus davidianus habitat demands in Elaphurus davidianus conservation,and it is necessary and essential to comprehend the interaction of Elaphurus davidianus and their abiotic environment,carrying capacity evaluation,and manage resource management.The study selected the first and third core areas of the protection zone as the research areas,conducting field surveys in May,July,October,and December 2019 respectively.Samples of Elaphurus davidianus′edible plants and feces were collected,and using the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope technique,six edible plants were quantified:mutualistic Spartina alterniflora,Suaeda glauca,Imperata cylindrica,Pennisetum alopecuroides,Cynodondactylon,Carex scabrifolia and deer excrements,and the correlation between food sources and the excrements were analyzed.The Bayesian model was also used to determine the proportional contributions of these plants to the diet of Elaphurus davidianus,as well as the variation of the feeding preference of Elaphurus davidianus in different seasons.The study found that the Elaphurus davidianus foraging behavior was affected by the type,quantity,and nutritional value of edible plants.The highest contributions to the Elaphurus davidianus food supply were discovered to come from Spartina alterniflora,Cynodondactylon,Spartina alterniflora,and Spartina alterniflora in the months of May,July,October,and December,with the contribution rates of 39.0%,42.8%,47.9%,and 31.9%respectively.The significant variation in the contribution of Cynodondactylon and Spartina alterniflora to the Elaphurus davidianus′diet in May,July,October,and December suggests that the Elaphurus davidianus′foraging preferences differed in different seasons.Elaphurus davidianus on the reserve were found to consume a mix of C_(3) and C_(4) plants;although the proportion of C_(4)plants was greater than that of C_(3) plants,whether the Elaphurus davidianus preferred the C_(4) plants cannot be determined.Spartina alterniflora was a significant food supply for Elaphurus davidianus in the third core area under conditions of supplemental feeding,while Pennisetum alopecuroides had a lower contribution rate,indicating that Elaphurus davidianus population prefer plants with higher nutritional value as their food.The variations inδ^(13)C andδ^(15)N values of deer feces in different months indicated that Elaphurus davidianus adjust their food components seasonally to meet their nutritional needs.Understanding the dietary dynamics of Elaphurus davidianus is not only crucial for data support for the development of effective management and protection strategies,but a scientific basis for the management of Elaphurus davidianus reserves and the restoration of their habitats.
作者
赵璐瑶
吴永波
查晶晶
魏逸荪
安玉亭
王立波
ZHAO Luyao;WU Yongbo;ZHA Jingjing;WEI Yisun;AN Yuting;WANG Libo(College of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Co-Innovation Center of the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing 210037,China;Dafeng Milu National Nature Preserves Jiangsu China,Yancheng 224136,China;Jiangsu Yancheng Wetland National Nature Reserve,Rare Birds,Yancheng 224333,China)
出处
《生态学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期2494-2504,共11页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022306)
国家“十三五”重点研发计划(2016YFC0502704)。
关键词
麋鹿
食源分析
稳定性同位素技术
互花米草
Elaphurus davidianus
diet analysis
stable isotope analysis
Spartina alterniflora
