摘要
为满足艰险山区铁路隧道洞口高陡边仰坡与高位危岩落石加固防护需求,基于现场调绘、综合勘探及设计实践,开展隧道洞口高陡边仰坡类型划分、突出难题及防控对策研究。结果表明,高陡边仰坡可划分为浅覆盖型、岩质裸露型、浅覆盖-岩质裸露型、岩质裸露-浅覆盖型4类,高陡隐蔽性边仰坡面临勘察判识困难、治理难度大、材料设备运输及施工困难等突出难题;危岩发育区铁路隧道选线时宜优先绕避,绕避困难时应按“正穿山脊→斜穿山脊→正穿坡面→斜穿坡面”择优进洞,严禁在山谷或凹槽地势设置洞口;高陡隐蔽性边仰坡应综合采用“空-天-地”一体化勘察方式进行判识,并顺沿山脊或垂直坡面进行大断面勘测;欠稳定高位覆盖层边仰坡宜按滑坡工程进行检算、设计,危岩落石防控遵循“优先清除→主动加固→被动防护”原则;防治工程与隧道、桥台等应作为整体工程综合考虑,遵循“从上至下施工,先防护工程,后桥隧主体”施工工序。
To meet the reinforcement and protection needs for high steep side and front slopes and high-positioned dangerous rockfalls at railway tunnel portals in difficult mountainous areas,based on field survey and mapping,com-prehensive exploration,and design practice,this study conducts research on the type classification,major challenges,and control measures for high steep side and front slopes at tunnel portals.The results show that high steep side and front slopes can be divided into four types:shallow cover type,rock exposed type,shallow cover-rock exposed type,and rock exposed-shallow cover type.High-positioned,steep,and concealed side and front slopes face three major challenges:difficulty in surveying and identification,high difficulty in treatment,and difficulty in material and equipment transport and construction.For dangerous rock development areas,the alignment of the railway tunnels should preferably bypass these areas.If bypassing is not feasible,the tunnel entrance should be selected according to the order:"straightly through the ridge→diagonally through the ridge→straightly through the slope→diagonal-ly through the slope,"with strict prohibition of setting tunnel portals in valleys or troughs.High-positioned,steep and concealed side and front slopes should adopt integrated"space-air-ground"exploration and identification meth-od,and large-scale surveying should be conducted along ridges or vertical slopes.For unstable high-positioned cov-ered side and front slopes,it should be checked,calculated and designed according to landslide engineering.For prevention and control of dangerous rockfalls,it should follow the principle of"priority removal→active reinforce-ment→passive protection."The control and prevention works should be considered as part of the overall project along with tunnels,bridge abutments,etc.,with the construction sequence following"top-down construction,first protective works,then main tunnel and bridge works."
作者
陈伟志
李安洪
王鸿
姚裕春
CHEN Weizhi;LI Anhong;WANG Hong;YAO Yuchun(China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610031)
出处
《现代隧道技术》
北大核心
2025年第1期56-65,共10页
Modern Tunnelling Technology
基金
中国中铁股份有限公司科技研究开发计划(2022-重大-02)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52168066).
关键词
艰险山区
隧道洞口
高陡边仰坡
危岩落石
防控对策
Difficult mountainous areas
Tunnel entrance
High steep side and front slopes
Dangerous rockfalls
Control measures
