摘要
超构透镜是一种基于超构表面的先进平面光学器件,可以灵活地操控入射光的振幅、相位和偏振度以满足应用需求。通过设计超构透镜中的单元结构可以实现聚焦、像差消除等多种功能。介绍了超构透镜的发展过程、基本原理和应用;根据其相位调控方式归纳为共振相位、传输相位、几何相位;根据其功能性归纳为大视场型、消色差型、变焦型;并总结了这些超构透镜的性能参数,最后讨论了超构透镜领域面临的挑战,展望了超构透镜的发展趋势。主要目的是让读者全面了解超构透镜的调控机理和具体功能,并为性能优异和功能多样化的超构透镜的设计与研究提供一定的参考。
Significance Advances in metalens technology have had an important impact on the development of optics.Different from traditional lenses,metalens materials are not limited to the intrinsic permittivity and permeability of natural materials.Metalenses are composed of artificially designed sub-wavelength cell structures,and the optical wavefront is manipulated through phase mutations,breaking through the limitations of the shape and thickness of the lens surface and achieving super-resolution imaging.Due to its advantages of lightness thinness,compactness and high integration,metalenses improve the excessive volume and mass of traditional lenses,meet the miniaturization needs of modern complex optical systems,and meet the needs of current portable devices for fast and stable imaging.Large field of view metalenses,achromatic metalenses and zoom metalenses are the representative elements of metalens imaging,which have great advantages in the design of optical systems.Large field of view metalenses have a larger field of view and can be integrated with image sensors,improving the detection range of small devices such as lidar and planar cameras.Achromatic metalenses have a wider working bandwidth,which solves the problem that traditional light field cameras cannot broadband achromatic,and has broad application prospects in the fields of robot vision and vehicle sensing,and is of great significance for multispectral analysis and optical communication.The zoom lens has flexible focal length variation,improves the large size and weight of traditional zoom lenses,and solves the problem of liquid zoom lenses being susceptible to interference,providing fast response times in vision systems for biological microscopy,multi-depth imaging,and autonomous vehicles.The design methods of existing large field of view metalenses,achromatic metalenses,and zoom metalenses are summarized,their existing problems are analyzed,and the challenges faced by metalenses are studied,including the trade-offs between chromatic aberration correction and field of view,the improvement of numerical aperture,and the improvement of zoom stability and efficiency,and predict the development trend of metalenses.The insights and advances presented in this study are expected to inspire further exploration and application of metalenses,paving the way for next-generation optical technologies.Progress Different phase control principles of metal lenses,the corresponding metal lenses,their advantages and applications are introduced.The design methods of three metal lenses with different functions are reviewed,the principles and application scope of these metal lenses are summarized,and the shortcomings and future development trends of metal lenses are analyzed.The three types of metalenses are:1)Large field of view metalenses,including those that rotate bilayer metasurfaces to achieve large field of view focusing,and metalens arrays integrated with CMOS.2)Achromatic metalenses,including metalenses with separate wavelength focusing,metalenses with simultaneous control of transmission phase and geometric phase,and metalenses with complementary unit structures and shapes.3)Zoom metalenses,including those that zoom by adjusting thecrystalline state of the unit cell structure material,and those that are focused by wavelength changes.Combinedwith the actual needs of metalenses,the above different functions can be combined and designed,such as thesecondary phase metalens that realizes the function of large field of view and achromatic at the same time,and themetalens that adjusts the focal length through mechanical steps to achieve the function of large field of view andzoom.Throughout the discussion,we emphasized the importance of focusing on performance parameters such asefficiency,NA,FOV,etc.,which are the benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of metalenses in real-worldapplications.Finally,we discussed the challenges faced by the development of metalenses,which have certainguiding significance for the future development of metalenses.Conclusions and Prospects The major progress made in the basic principles,unit structures and lens materialsof metal lenses is summarized,and the development history and technical route of large field of view,achromaticand zoom metal lenses are presented.This article analyzes these metalens focusing techniques and discusses keyperformance indicators such as working bandwidth,focusing efficiency,NA,field of view,zoom range,etc.Atthe same time,the application scenarios and challenges of existing metalenses with large field of view,achromaticand zoom are also analyzed.Finally,some suggestions are put forward for the future development of metalenses,including how to balance the large field of view and working bandwidth,how to balance the achromatic functionand high NA,and how to achieve high-speed and stable zoom.In summary,the design research of metalenses willpromote the development of the next generation of high-performance,high-efficiency,and high-integrationoptical systems and display systems.
作者
干崇昊
冯文林
刘相志
杨晓占
卢翔孟
崔大健
陈聪
GAN Chonghao;FENG Wenlin;LIU Xiangzhi;YANG Xiaozhan;LU Xiangmeng;CUI Dajian;CHEN Cong(School of Science,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 400054,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Storage Energy Materials and Devices,Chongqing 400054,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Quantum Information Chips and Devices,Chongqing 400061,China;School of Electrical Engineering,Tongling University,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Tongling 244061,China)
出处
《红外与激光工程》
北大核心
2025年第2期77-93,共17页
Infrared and Laser Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51574054)。
关键词
超构透镜
大视场角
消色差
变焦
metalenses
large field of view
achromatic
zoom
