摘要
低温环境下的结冰问题会对出行和输电线路安全造成一定影响。传统超疏水表面虽能防覆冰,但效果随时间减弱。新型光热超疏水表面,结合被动防冰和主动除冰,利用光热转换效应,有效抑制冰核形成,提高融冰效率,在防覆冰/除冰领域展现出广阔的应用前景。详细分析了超疏水表面的润湿理论和光热超疏水表面的光热转换机制,这一机制是其实现高效防覆冰和除冰功能的核心。首先全面总结了光热超疏水表面在防覆冰和光热除冰方面的原理,揭示了其如何通过特殊的表面结构和材料特性来延迟冰的成核和生长。综述了当前光热超疏水表面在防覆冰/除冰领域的最新研究进展,特别是针对碳基、聚合物基、半导体基、金属基和陶瓷基这5种不同基材的光热超疏水表面,分析了它们各自的制备方法、性能特点以及在实际应用中的潜在优势。还深入探讨了这些光热超疏水表面在实际应用中展现出的疏水性能、防覆冰性能以及光热除冰性能等。最后,指出了在光热超疏水表面的制备和应用过程中存在的挑战,如材料的耐久性、成本效益和环境适应性等问题,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望,为后续的研究提供了有价值的参考。
Icing phenomena in low-temperature environments constitute a significant impediment to the safety of vehicular transit and the structural integrity of transmission lines.The accretion of ice may precipitate structural compromise,augment the mechanical load,and potentially incite catastrophic system failures,particularly within the pivotal sectors of transportation and power infrastructure.Traditional superhydrophobic surfaces,which are engineered to exhibit micro-and nano-scale roughness in conjunction with low surface energy materials,have manifested initial efficacy in mitigating ice adhesion.However,their performance is susceptible to degradation over time due to their mechanical wear,environmental exposure,and the accretion of impurities,thereby attenuating their ice-phobic characteristics.The advent of photothermal superhydrophobic surfaces represents a paradigm shift in the domain of anti-icing and de-icing technologies.These surfaces capitalize on the photothermal conversion effect,wherein the solar radiation absorbed is transmuted into thermal energy,thereby elevating the surface temperature.This increase in temperature can effectively retard the nucleation and growth of ice.The synergistic integration of passive anti-icing strategies,which preclude ice formation through ingenious surface design,and active de-icing methodologies,which entail the application of extrinsic energy to ablate ice,substantially augments the efficacy of these surfaces.This scholarly exposition provides a meticulous disquisition on the wetting theory and photothermal conversion mechanisms underpinning superhydrophobic surfaces,which are quintessential for their efficacious anti-icing and de-icing functionalities.Commencing with a synoptic elucidation of the foundational principles governing the deployment of photothermal superhydrophobic surfaces for ice protection and photothermal de-icing,the work delineates the nuances of how they impede ice nucleation and proliferation through their distinctive surface morphologies and material characteristics.The comprehensive review traverses the latest scholarly advancements in photothermal superhydrophobic surfaces,with an accentuated focus on five principal substrate categories:carbon-based,polymer-based,semiconductor-based,metal-based,and ceramic-based.Each substrate category proffers unique benefits and fabrication methodologies,indispensable for customizing surface attributes to cater to specific applicational requisites.For instance,carbon-based substrates,exemplified by graphene,are lauded for their superior electrical conductivity,which is instrumental in achieving efficient photothermal conversion.Polymer-based substrates,conversely,proffer pliability and fabrication simplicity,rendering them apt for a spectrum of applications,including coatings and flexible electronics.A meticulous analysis on the performance metrics of these substrates is undertaken,encompassing their hydrophobicity,ice adhesion strength,and resilience under diverse environmental conditions.The work also delves into the optimization of these attributes to augment the anti-icing and de-icing prowess of the surfaces.The practical applications of these surfaces in sectors such as aerospace,automotive,and energy are underscored,highlighting their capacity to curtail maintenance expenditures,amplify safety,and refine operational efficacy.Despite their promise,the development and operationalization of photothermal superhydrophobic surfaces confront several hurdles.Material durability emerges as a salient concern,necessitating that surfaces endure harsh environmental conditions and mechanical stress.The economic viability of these surfaces is also pivotal,as their widespread adoption is contingent upon cost-effectiveness.Furthermore,the environmental adaptability of these surfaces is imperative,ensuring consistent performance across a spectrum of temperature and climatic conditions.In conclusion,this treatise delineates prospective research trajectories that address these challenges and further elucidate the domain of photothermal superhydrophobic surfaces.Innovations in material science,nanotechnology,and surface engineering are anticipated to catalyze the forthcoming advancements in this field.This paper aspires to serve as an invaluable reference for researchers,engineers,and policymakers,all of whom are dedicated to forging innovative solutions to counteract the deleterious impacts of icing in low-temperature settings.
作者
张海洋
王优强
郭浩冉
徐莹
黄兴保
安恺
ZHANG Haiyang;WANG Youqiang;GUO Haoran;XU Ying;HUANG Xingbao;AN Kai(College of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Shandong Qingdao 266525,China;State Key Laboratory of Bridge Safety and Resilience,College of Civil Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)
出处
《表面技术》
北大核心
2025年第4期1-16,共16页
Surface Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52074161)
泰山学者工程专项经费(tsqn202211177)
山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2021ME063)。
关键词
光热超疏水
润湿理论
光热转换
光热除冰
防覆冰
photothermal superhydrophobic
wetting theory
photothermal conversion
photothermal de-icing
anti-icing
