摘要
为认识南海地区(105°~120°E,3°~25°N)强热带气旋(severe tropical cyclone,STC;达到台风及以上等级的热带气旋)各种目标破坏力的时空分布特征,利用中国气象局(China Meteorological Administration,CMA)热带气旋最佳路径数据集,计算南海地区热带气旋强度达到STC等级时段内的能量耗散指数(power dissipation index,PDI),并将其分配到空间不同位置,进而对1953—2022年STC引发南海地区破坏力的时空分布特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)STC对南海地区破坏力的空间分布呈东北高、西南及南部低的特征,其中东沙群岛附近海域(116°~120°E,17°~21°N)是PDI最高的区域,以此为中心,PDI向西、向南呈辐射状递减的趋势。(2)STC对南海地区破坏力较高区域的空间分布范围随时间的变化呈先扩大后缩小再扩大的趋势。(3)STC对南海地区不同纬度破坏力的时间变化呈先增大后减小再增大的趋势,而不同时期STC破坏力呈随纬度降低先增大后减小的趋势,其重心则呈总体南移的趋势。进一步分析认为,途经南海地区的西太平洋STC数量和持续时间的变化是导致南海地区STC破坏力时空分布特征发生变化的主要因素。
To understand the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of the destructive forces of the severe tropical cyclones(STCs;tropical cyclones with intensities equal to or higher than typhoon)to various targets in the South China Sea(SCS;105°-120°E,3°-25°N),the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Tropical Cyclone Best Track Dataset is used to calculate the power dissipation indices(PDIs)of the tropical cyclones reaching the level of STC.Thereafter,the PDIs are assigned to different spatial locations to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of the STCs’destructive forces in the SCS from 1953 to 2022.The results are listed below.(1)The STCs’destructive forces in the SCS exhibit high values in the northeastern part and low values in the southwestern and southern parts.That is,the waters around the Dongsha Islands(116°-120°E,17°-21°N)have the highest PDI,and as it is far away from the Dongsha Islands,the PDI decreases towards the west and the south.(2)The spatial extent of high-destructive-force areas first expands,then narrows,and expands again over the time.(3)The temporal variation of the STCs’destructive forces at different latitudes shows an increasing-decreasing-increasing trend,while the forces in different periods first increase and then decrease from north to south.Moreover,the centroids of the PDIs are generally seen moving southward.Further analysis indicates that the changes in the numbers and duration of the STCs,which are produced in the western Pacific and then enter the SCS,are the most important factor for the spatio-temporal variations of the STCs’destructive forces in the SCS.
作者
覃梦云
王子权
黄荣永
余克服
QIN Mengyun;WANG Ziquan;HUANG Rongyong;YU Kefu(Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea,Nanning 530004,China;Coral Reef Research Center of China,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;School of Marine Sciences,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;School of Resources,Environment and Materials,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Guangzhou 510300,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458,China)
出处
《海洋气象学报》
2025年第1期79-89,共11页
Journal of Marine Meteorology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42090041)
海南省科技专项(ZDYF2024SHFZ086)
广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFAA297245)
广西南海珊瑚礁研究重点实验室自主课题项目(GXLSCRSCS2021102)。
关键词
南海
台风
能量耗散指数(PDI)
破坏力
时空分布
the South China Sea
typhoon
power dissipation index(PDI)
destructive force
spatio-temporal distribution
