摘要
为应对海上丝绸之路沿线红树林管理监测面临的“重量轻质”及“尺度效应”困境,提出红树林群落规模-形态景观特征观察框架,关注红树林规模指标,同时运用多尺度自相似的分形维数反映红树林生长的形态与质量。在结合梯度网格法、豪斯道夫维数和空间统计分析等方法验证红树林分形特征及指标稳健性的基础上,梳理了21世纪以来海上丝绸之路沿线红树林规模-形态演变趋势,对不同国家红树林衰退风险进行分类,并探究红树林规模-形态对人类社会发展的时空响应。研究结果表明,人口、经济、城镇化等宏观社会因素对红树林规模有直接影响,营养不良发生率与红树林形态衰退有相关关系,并据此提出“一带一路”合作倡议框架下的各方行动建议。
Against the backdrop of China's efforts to promote cooperation along the Maritime Silk Road and establish the"International Mangrove Management Center"to serve all signatory countries,particularly developing nations,this study explores the challenges of managing and monitoring mangroves along the Maritime Silk Road.Specifically,it addresses the issues of"quantity over quality"and"scale effects".The scale effect refers to the phenomenon where spatial data analysis results change as the observation grain size changes,making certain spatially sensitive landscape ecology indicators difficult to apply in cross-country comparisons.To address these challenges,this study proposes an observation framework from the perspective of mangrove community size and landscape morphology characteristics.The study focuses on scale metrics and uses multi-scale self-similar fractal dimensions to reflect the growth form and quality of mangroves.It combines methods such as the gradient grid method,Hausdorff dimension,and spatial statistical analysis to verify the fractal characteristics and robustness of mangrove indicators.By reviewing the evolution trends of mangrove size and fractal dimensions across 40 countries along the Maritime Silk Road since the 21st century,this research reveals that in terms of scale,the past 20 years have witnessed a coexistence of overall mangrove area decline and localized growth in these regions.In terms of morphology,the structural changes in coreperiphery mangrove communities at the national level are identified as the main cause of fractal fluctuations in mangroves.Based on these findings,the study classifies the degradation risks of mangroves in different countries along the Maritime Silk Road into four categories:low-risk regions for both scale and morphology,low-risk scale but high-risk morphology regions,high-risk scale but low-risk morphology regions,and high-risk regions for both scale and morphology.It also explores the spatiotemporal response of mangrove size and morphology to human societal development.The results show that macro factors such as population,economy,and urbanization directly impact mangrove size,while a correlation exists between malnutrition rates and mangrove morphology degradation.Human activity,as a driving force behind the evolution of mangrove scale and morphology,can have both negative and positive effects,depending on whether effective conservation measures are implemented and whether the mobilization of broad societal efforts can be achieved.The study further discovers feasible cases where the negative correlation between human footprints and mangrove community scale evolution has been"decoupled"and can even revert to"re-coupling"in a positive direction,as exemplified by Shenzhen,China.The study's findings further reinforce the role of mangroves in providing livelihood resources such as food and fuel for surrounding communities in some Maritime Silk Road countries.Research indicates that since the 21st century,nearly half of global mangrove loss attributable to land use changes driven by livelihood needs,including rice cultivation,aquaculture,and the cultivation of economic crops like oil palm.The morphological analysis conducted in this study reveals that the edge and smallscale mangrove communities are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of agriculture and aquaculture.Thus,The integration of sustainable mangrove conservation with agricultural production and livelihood resource acquisition is imperative.Only by aligning sustainable livelihood practices with sustainable shifts in agricultural production can the degradation of mangrove scale and morphology due to overexploitation be effectively avoided.Lastly,the study examines international models for mangrove governance,including regional cooperative governance,governmentled legislative frameworks,green technology support,and community empowerment and participation models.Several governance directions suitable for countries along the Maritime Silk Road are proposed.These strategies include:1)Joint management of negative environmental externalities between neighboring countries,beginning with non-binding cooperation mechanisms and advancing to parallel bilateral and multilateral cooperation efforts,with the potential to foster environmental cooperation even amidst political deadlock;2)The sharing of mangrove management experiences and technologies among rapidly urbanizing nations,including legislative and technical knowledge;and 3)The effective integration of governance frameworks involving international institutions,local governments,society,and businesses is crucial for addressing cooperation content,forms,and power structures.These strategies not only contribute to the overall protection of mangrove quantity but also provide viable pathways for safeguarding the structural integrity of mangrove morphology.In summary,this study provides theoretical support for the coordinated monitoring and management of mangroves in countries along the Maritime Silk Road,contributing to both the preservation of mangrove quantity and the protection of their structural characteristics.
作者
刘钊启
何昉
LIU Zhaoqi;HE Fang(School of Architecture and Urban Planning at Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060;Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060)
出处
《中国园林》
北大核心
2025年第1期86-93,共8页
Chinese Landscape Architecture
基金
深圳市孔雀计划科研启动基金(827-000837)
深圳大学与岭南大学学术合作研究项目(868-000002050202)
深圳市稳定支持面上项目(868-000001032135)
深圳市教育科学2023年度规划课题(yb23035)
广东省哲学社会科学规划2024年度青年项目(GD24YYS21)。
关键词
风景园林
海上丝绸之路
红树林景观特征
尺度效应
分形理论
规模-形态
landscape architecture
the Maritime Silk Road
mangrove landscape features
scale effect
fractal theory
scale and morphology
