摘要
为评估泡泡水玩具中防腐剂对中国儿童健康的风险,本文对儿童玩耍泡泡水玩具的行为特征进行问卷调研,并对80款市售泡泡水玩具中防腐剂的含量进行测定.基于调研和检测结果,对泡泡水玩具的甲醛暴露进行风险评估.结果表明,甲醛和异噻唑啉酮这两类有害防腐剂均在部分泡泡水玩具中有检出,苯酚未检出,甲醛的检出率为60%,不合格率56%,质量比范围为8—444 mg·kg^(−1),异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂的检出率和不合格率均为5%,其中1,2-苄基异噻唑啉-3-酮(BIT)最高达到122 mg·kg^(−1),2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮(MIT)含量最高为3.5 mg·kg^(−1),CMIT:MIT(3:1)混合物含量最高为14 mg·kg^(−1).非致癌风险评价结果显示,低龄儿童的健康风险稍高于大龄儿童.正常使用时,1—6岁儿童的风险指数(H)范围为0.011—0.354,6—14岁儿童风险指数(H)范围为0.008—0.260,风险指数均小于1;当长时间(60 min·次^(−1))高频率(0.43次·d^(−1))使用泡泡水时,风险明显增大,1—6岁儿童的风险指数范围为0.067—2.171,6—14岁儿童的风险指数范围为0.052—1.674,风险指数范围最大值均大于1.泡泡水玩具中的甲醛非致癌风险在正常使用时对儿童健康为可容许风险,但长时间高频率使用时,风险明显升高.
In order to evaluate the risk of preservatives in soap bubble toys to Chinese children's health,this study investigated the behavioral characteristics of children playing with soap bubble toys and determined the content of preservatives in 80soap bubble toys.Based on the investigation and test results,the exposure risk of formaldehyde in soap bubble toys was assessed.Formaldehyde and the isothiazolinone are detected in some soap bubble toys,and phenol is not detected.The detection rate and unqualified rate of formaldehyde is 60%and 56%respectively.The concentration of formaldehyde ranged from 8 to 444 mg·kg^(−1).The detection rate and unqualified rate of the isothiazolinone is both 5%.The highest concentration of 1,2-benzylisothiazolin-3-one(BIT),2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one(MIT)and CMIT:MIT(3:1)is 122 mg·kg^(−1),3.5 mg·kg^(−1)and 14 mg·kg^(−1)respectively.The results of risk assessment showed that during normal use,the hazard quotient(H)of children aged 1-6 years old ranged from 0.011 to 0.354,and the hazard quotient(H)of children aged 6-14 years old ranged from 0.008 to 0.260.The health risk will increase if the children play for a longer time(60 min·event^(−1))at high frequency(0.43 event·d^(−1)).In this case,the hazard quotient(H)of children aged 1-6 years old ranged from 0.067 to 2.171 and the hazard quotient(H)of children aged 6-14 years old ranged from 0.052 to 1.674,which mean that the highest hazard quotient(H)is greater than 1.The noncarcinogenic risk of formaldehyde exposure in soap bubble toys is an allow able risk to children's health during normal use,but when children play for a longer time at high frequency,the risk increases significantly and formaldehyde exposure has potential noncarcinogenic risk to children's health.
作者
田勇
戴洁
罗瑾
杨丹华
TIAN Yong;DAI Jie;LUO Jin;YANG Danhua(Guangzhou Customs Technical Center,Guangzhou,510623,China)
出处
《环境化学》
北大核心
2025年第1期299-308,共10页
Environmental Chemistry
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0606203)
广州海关科技项目(2022GZCK09)资助.
关键词
泡泡水
行为特征
防腐剂
甲醛
暴露评估
健康风险
soap bubble
behavioral characteristics
preservative
formaldehyde
exposure assessment
health risk
