摘要
实践中有偿代孕频发亟待规制。当下,行政规制因法律位阶低、范围窄、效果欠佳,供给乏力;刑事规制中非法经营罪、非法行医罪适用偏差,供给阙如。代孕的行刑规制近乎缺位。有偿代孕需多主体共同参与,主体作用不同,规制手段亦有所区分。禁止有偿代孕意在保障代孕母人身利益与公共卫生秩序,其中,代孕组织者支配代孕流程,技术实施方凭借技术处于关键性地位,二者应予以刑事处罚;委托者难以把控代孕各环节,代孕母具有被害人身份,供卵者应对取卵风险自我答责,皆无须刑事规制。鉴于此,应以整体性法律观为指导,刑事与行政协同发力。《刑法》可增设组织代孕、实施代孕技术罪,行政法对供卵者与委托者予以行政处罚,如此实现对有偿代孕的有效规制。
In practice,paid surrogacy frequently needs to be regulated.At present,the supply of administrative regulation is weak because of the low legal rank,narrow scope and poor effect.In the criminal regulation,the crime of illegal business operation and illegal medical practice is applied incorrectly,and the supply is lacking.The execution regulation of surrogacy is almost absent.Paid surrogacy requires the participation of multiple subjects,the role of subjects is different,and the regulatory means are also different.The prohibition of paid surrogacy is intended to protect the personal interests of the surrogate mother and the public health order.Among them,the surrogacy organizer dominates the surrogacy process,and the technical implementer is in a key position by virtue of technology.It is difficult for the entrusting party to control each surrogacy link,the surrogate mother has the identity of the victim,and the egg donor should answer the responsibility for the risk of egg retrieval,without criminal regulation.In view of this,criminal and administrative efforts should be coordinated under the guidance of the holistic legal view.The criminal law can add the crime of organizing surrogacy and implementing surrogacy technology,and the administrative law imposes administrative punishment on the egg donor and the entruster,so as to realize the effective regulation of paid surrogacy.
出处
《江苏警官学院学报》
2024年第5期38-46,共9页
Journal of Jiangsu Police Institute
关键词
代孕
有偿代孕
代孕组织者
代孕法律规制
paid surrogacy
surrogacy
the surrogacy organizers
legal regulation of surrogacy
