摘要
为了研究饲用小黑麦与紫花苜蓿不同混合比例对其青贮营养成分和发酵品质的影响,试验采用单因素完全随机设计,以乳熟期饲用小黑麦与初花期紫花苜蓿为原料(切成1~2 cm的段),按鲜草质量比10∶0(CK_(1)组)、7∶3(A_(1)组)、6∶4(A_(2)组)、5∶5(A_(3)组)、4∶6(A_(4)组)、3∶7(A_(5)组)和0∶10(CK_(2)组)进行室温下避光青贮,每组3个重复,45 d后开袋取样进行感官评价、营养成分和发酵品质等相关指标检测,采用V-score评分体系和TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution)评价法对各组发酵效果进行综合评价。结果表明:CK_(1)组和A_(1)组的感官品质最佳,等级为一级,其余组等级为二级。CK_(1)组的可溶性碳水化合物含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维和粗灰分含量显著高于A_(3)、A_(4)、A_(5)和CK_(2)组(P<0.05),酸性洗涤纤维和粗脂肪含量均显著高于A_(2)、A_(3)、A_(4)、A_(5)和CK_(2)组(P<0.05),但粗蛋白、可溶性蛋白含量和相对饲喂价值均显著低于其他组(P<0.05),淀粉含量显著高于CK_(2)组(P<0.05);CK_(2)组的粗蛋白含量、可溶性蛋白含量均显著高于其他组(P<0.05),相对饲喂价值显著高于CK_(1)、A_(1)、A_(2)和A_(3)组(P<0.05),但可溶性碳水化合物、中性洗涤纤维和粗脂肪含量均显著低于其他组(P<0.05),酸性洗涤纤维含量显著低于CK_(1)、A_(1)、A_(2)、A_(3)和A_(4)组(P<0.05),粗灰分含量显著低于CK_(1)、A_(1)和A_(2)组(P<0.05)。各组青贮饲料的粗蛋白、可溶性蛋白含量和相对饲喂价值均随紫花苜蓿添加比例的增加大体呈上升趋势,可溶性碳水化合物、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪、粗灰分和淀粉含量均随紫花苜蓿添加比例的增加大体呈下降趋势,除粗灰分外,其他各营养指标含量均介于二者单独青贮之间。CK_(1)组的pH值显著低于A_(4)、A_(5)和CK_(2)组(P<0.05),氨态氮/总氮显著低于A_(2)、A_(3)、A_(4)、A_(5)和CK_(2)组(P<0.05),乙酸和丙酸含量显著低于其他组(P<0.05),乳酸含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05),且未检测到丁酸;CK_(2)组的pH值、乙酸和丁酸含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05),乳酸含量显著低于其他组(P<0.05),丙酸含量显著高于CK_(1)和A_(1)组(P<0.05),氨态氮/总氮显著高于CK_(1)、A_(1)、A_(2)、A_(3)和A_(4)组(P<0.05)。在5个混合青贮组中,A_(1)组的pH值、丙酸含量和氨态氮/总氮显著低于A_(4)和A_(5)组(P<0.05),乳酸含量显著高于A_(3)、A_(4)和A_(5)组(P<0.05),乙酸含量显著低于其他组(P<0.05);丁酸含量在0.09%~0.25%之间,其中A_(1)组未检测到丁酸。CK_(1)组和A_(1)组的V-score总评分较高,分别为82.80分和80.94分,等级均为良好,TOPSIS评价排序位于前列,这与感官评价和发酵品质结果相一致。说明饲用小黑麦与紫花苜蓿以不同比例混合青贮与单独青贮相比,营养成分之间存在互补,营养更加全面、均衡,且紫花苜蓿比例较低时,感官评价和发酵品质也较好。本试验条件下,建议饲用小黑麦与紫花苜蓿以7∶3比例混合青贮。
In order to investigate the effects of different mixing ratios of forage triticale and alfalfa on the nutritional composition and fermentation quality of their silage,a single factor completely randomized design was used in the experiment,and feed triticale at milk ripening stage and alfalfa at first flowering stage were used as silage materials and cut into sections of 1-2 cm,which were mixed according to the fresh grass mass ratios of 10∶0(CK_(1) group),7∶3(A_(1) group),6∶4(A_(2) group),5∶5(A_(3) group),4∶6(A_(4) group),3∶7(A_(5) group),and 0∶10(CK_(2) group),respectively,with 3 replicates in each group.After 45 days of silage,samples were taken from bags for sensory evaluation and detection of nutritional components and fermentation quality.V-score scoring system and TOPSIS evaluation method were used to evaluate the fermentation effect in each group.The results showed that the sensory quality of CK_(1) group and A_(1) group was the best,and their grades were level 1,while the other groups were level two.The soluble carbohydrate content in the CK_(1) group was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05),and the contents of neutral detergent fiber and crude ash were significantly higher than those in the A_(3),A_(4),A_(5) and CK_(2) groups(P<0.05).The contents of acidic detergent fiber and crude fat were significantly higher than those in the A_(2),A_(3),A_(4),A_(5) and CK_(2) groups(P<0.05),but the contents of crude protein and soluble protein and the relative feeding value were significantly lower than those in the other groups(P<0.05).Interestingly,the starch content was significantly higher than that in the CK_(2) group(P<0.05).The contents of crude protein and soluble protein in the CK_(2) group were significantly higher than those in the other groups(P<0.05),and the relative feeding value was significantly higher than that in the CK_(1),A_(1),A_(2) and A_(3) groups(P<0.05),but the contents of soluble carbohydrates,neutral detergent fiber and crude fat were significantly lower than those in the other groups(P<0.05);the acidic detergent fiber content was significantly lower than that in the CK_(1),A_(1),A_(2),A_(3) and A_(4) groups(P<0.05),and the crude ash content was significantly lower than that in the CK_(1),A_(1) and A_(2) groups(P<0.05).The contents of crude protein and soluble protein and the relative feeding value of silage feed in all group were generally increased with the increase of alfalfa addition ratio,while the contents of soluble carbohydrates,neutral detergent fiber,acidic detergent fiber,crude fat,crude ash and starch were generally decreased with the increase of alfalfa proportion.Except for crude ash content,the contents of other nutritional indicators were between the two silage alone.The pH value in the CK_(1) group were significantly lower than those in the A_(4),A_(5) and CK_(2) groups(P<0.05);NH_(3)-N/TN was significantly lower than that in the A_(2),A_(3),A_(4),A_(5) and CK_(2) groups(P<0.05);the propionic acid content and acetic acid content were significantly lower than that in the other groups(P<0.05),the lactic acid content was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05),and no butyric acid content was detected.The pH value,the contents of acetic acid and butyric acid in the CK_(2) group were significantly higher than those in the other groups(P<0.05);while the lactate content was significantly lower than those in the other groups(P<0.05).The propionic acid content was significantly higher than that in the CK_(1) and A_(1) groups(P<0.05),and NH_(3)-N/TN was significantly higher than that in the CK_(1),A_(1),A_(2),A_(3) and A_(4) groups(P<0.05).Among the five mixed storage groups,the pH value,the propionic acid content,and the NH_(3)-N/TN in the group A_(1) were significantly lower than those in the groups A_(4) and A_(5)(P<0.05);the lactate content was significantly higher than that in the groups A_(3),A_(4) and A_(5)(P<0.05),and the acetic acid content was significantly lower than the other groups(P<0.05).The butyric acid content ranged from 0.09%to 0.25%,and no butyric acid was detected in the group A_(1).The overall V-score in the CK_(1) group and the A_(1) group were relatively high,at 82.80 and 80.94 points,respectively,which was rated as good.And the TOPSIS evaluation ranking was in the forefront,which was consistent with sensory evaluation and fermentation quality.The results indicated that the nutrients in the silage mixed with different proportions of forage triale and alfalfa were complementary compared with silage alone,and the nutrients were more comprehensive and balanced.Moreover,when the proportion of alfalfa was lower,the sensory evaluation and the fermentation quality were also better.Under the conditions of this experiment,the mixing of triticale and alfalfa in a ratio of 7∶3 was recommended.
作者
马淑梅
张兰
宋谦
余小亮
陈杰新
王纯喜
MA Shumei;ZHANG Lan;SONG Qian;YU Xiaoliang;CHEN Jiexin;WANG Chunxi(Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Pingliang 744000,China)
出处
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》
北大核心
2025年第1期115-122,共8页
Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine
基金
甘肃省重点研发项目“陇东旱塬区高产优质饲草新品种筛选评价及高效生产技术集成创新与示范推广”(23YFNL0003)
“平凉市科技计划资助”重点研发项目“平凉红牛适配优质饲草高效生产利用技术创新与应用”(PL-STK-2024B-080)
甘肃省现代农业科技支撑体系区域创新中心重点科技项目“陇东地区新型优质饲草种植模式集成与示范”(2023GAAS03-3)
平凉市科技计划项目“优质饲草新品种筛选及高效利用技术应用研究”(平科任[2020]6号)
平凉市农业科学院院列科技创新专项“优质牧草青贮饲料部分替代平凉红牛基础日粮中蛋白水平的研究”(2023PASS0)。
关键词
饲用小黑麦
紫花苜蓿
混合青贮
营养成分
发酵品质
forage triticale
alfalfa
mixed silage
nutrient composition
fermentation quality
