摘要
黄河下游河道存在明显的纵向不均衡调整现象,即河道沿程冲淤分布不均匀以及纵比降的调整等。不均衡调整现象研究是河床演变学的前沿,研究和解决相关问题不仅具有重要的科学意义,而且对抑制黄河下游河床抬升及悬河发展、保障下游河道防洪安全具有重大应用价值。梳理了黄河下游各类不均衡调整现象,回顾和总结了黄河下游河道纵向不均衡调整及“驼峰”现象的研究进展,阐述了涉及的科学问题。当前,对黄河下游纵向不均衡调整的形成机制还缺乏清晰认识,地形对不均衡调整的影响还不明确,溯源冲淤与沿程冲淤的影响还无法区分,侵蚀基准面的影响作用还无法量化;“驼峰”现象的研究仍以资料分析为主,对“驼峰”河段的迁移规律、响应机制及未来的演变趋势仍缺乏深刻的机理性认识。
There exists significant longitudinal nonequilibrium adjustment phenomenon in the lower Yellow River,which is the uneven distribution of erosion and sedimentation along the river and adjustment of vertical slope.The research on the nonequilibrium adjustment phenomenon is a cutting-edge issue in the riverbed evolution.Studying and solving this issue not only has great scientific significance,but also has great practical application value in restraining the rise of the riverbed in the lower Yellow River and ensuring the safety of flood control.This study summarized the various types of nonequilibrium adjustment phenomena,reviewed the research progress on longitudinal nonequilibrium adjustment and “hump” phenomena in the lower Yellow River,and expounded the basic sediment science issues involved.At present,there is a lack of clear understanding of the formation mechanism of longitudinal nonequilibrium adjustment in the lower Yellow River,and the impact of terrain is not yet clear.The impact of upstream and downstream erosion and deposition cannot be distinguished,and the impact of erosion basis cannot be quantified.The study of the “hump” phenomenon is still mainly based on data analysis,and there is still a lack of deep understanding of the migration law,response mechanism and future evolution trend of the “hump” reach.
作者
马子普
吴保生
张原锋
薛源
沈逸
覃超
张红武
MA Zipu;WU Baosheng;ZHANG Yuanfeng;XUE Yuan;SHEN Yi;QIN Chao;ZHANG Hongwu(Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere Sciences of Ministry of Water Resources,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China)
出处
《人民黄河》
北大核心
2025年第1期42-50,共9页
Yellow River
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3206201)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2243218)。
关键词
不均衡调整
“驼峰”现象
侵蚀基准面
溯源冲淤
黄河下游
nonequilibrium adjustment
“hump”phenomenon
erosion basis
upstream erosion and deposition
Lower Yellow River
