摘要
海底钻探取芯是开展海洋地质及环境科学研究、进行海洋矿产资源勘探和海底工程地质勘察所必备的关键技术,而海底钻机是深海钻探最具发展潜力的技术装备。首先,对世界几种主要深海海底钻机的现有技术特点与钻探案例进行阐述;然后,分深海海底浅孔钻机、深海海底中深孔钻机、深海海底深孔钻机以及深海海底超深孔钻机四个阶段系统总结中国深海海底钻机技术特点和钻机钻探取芯应用情况;最后,分析深海海底钻机的发展趋势以及面临的挑战——将朝着超水深、超钻深、高品质和多功能四个方向发展,以及面临材料、密封、支撑、收放等四个方面的挑战。通过全面综述国内外深海海底钻机的技术特点以及钻探现状为后续深海海底钻机的设计及研究提供参考依据。
Subsea drilling and coring is the critical technology necessary to carry out marine geological and environmental scientific research,marine mineral resources exploration,and subsea engineering geological survey,and seafloor drill is the most promising technical equipment for deep-sea drilling.First,the existing technical characteristics and drilling cases of several major deep-sea seafloor drills in the world are described;Then,a systematic summary of the technical characteristics of Chinese deep-sea seafloor drills and the application of drilling and coring rigs in four stages:deep-sea seafloor shallow strata drill,deep-sea seafloor medium-deep strata drill,deep-sea seafloor deep strata drill,deep-sea seafloor ultra strata drill;Finally,the development trend and challenges faced by deep-sea seafloor drills are analyzed.These deep-sea seafloor drills are anticipated to evolve towards ultra-deepwater,ultra-deep drilling,high quality,and multi-functionality,while also encountering challenges in materials,sealing,support,and retrieval.A comprehensive review of the technical characteristics and current status of deep-sea seafloor drills domestically and internationally will provide a reference for the design and research of future deep-sea seafloor drills.
作者
万步炎
彭奋飞
金永平
彭佑多
刘德顺
WAN Buyan;PENG Fenfei;JIN Yongping;PENG Youduo;LIU Deshun(National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources Exploration Equipment andSafety Technology,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201)
出处
《机械工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第22期385-402,共18页
Journal of Mechanical Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2805904)
国家自然科学基金(52275106)
湖南创新型省份建设专项经费(2020GK1021)资助项目。
关键词
深海
矿产资源
海底钻机
钻探取芯
deep sea
mineral resources
seafloor drill
core drilling
