摘要
各民族丰富多彩的非遗生动地诠释了中华民族交往交流交融的历史过程。一方面,中华民族共同体意识离不开对中华民族“过去”及其“记忆”的不断重构,只有保护好各个民族的文化遗产,才能增强中华文化的影响力、凝聚力,就此而言,非遗保护对铸牢中华民族共同体意识有着积极意义。另一方面,非遗保护意味着肯定地方性的、特定族群的生活方式及其价值观念,这可能会强化各个民族的认同感,产生离心力,由此对铸牢中华民族共同体意识产生某种不可预测的负面影响。从理论层面来看,非遗不同于非物质文化,通过申遗机制,特定社区、群体、个人的非物质文化已经上升为多主体共享的国家公共文化,默认国家与各级政府是非遗保护的权利与责任主体,所有国民共享非遗的使用权,这就消除了非遗与铸牢中华民族共同体意识之间的张力。在实践层面,针对非遗保护潜在的负面影响,一是要重视非遗教育,在观念层面解决矛盾,让民众充分认识到经由申遗程序,地方性的、特定族群的非物质文化已经转化为各民族共享的国家公共文化;二是要重视非遗创造性转化,基于审美创意,将各个民族的“过去”转化为全国各族人民共享的当代时尚;三是要进一步加强非遗资源利用,通过文旅融合让民族地区的非遗切实成为全国各族人民共享的文化符号。
The rich and diverse intangible cultural heritage of various ethnic groups vividly illustrates the historical process of communication,exchange and integration among the ethnic groups of the Chinese nation.On the one hand,the sense of community for the Chinese nation is inseparable from the ongoing reconstruction of the nation’s“past”and“memory”.Only by safeguarding the cultural heritage of all ethnic groups can we enhance the influence and cohesion of Chinese culture.In this regard,the protection of intangible cultural heritage plays a positive role in consolidating a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.On the other hand,the protection of intangible cultural heritage affirms the lifestyles and values of local and specific ethnic groups.This may strengthen ethnic identities,potentially generating centrifugal forces and having an unpredictable negative impact on consolidating a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.From a theoretical perspective,intangible cultural heritage differs from intangible culture.Through the UNESCO listing mechanism,the intangible culture of specific communities,groups,and individuals has been elevated to a national public culture shared by multiple entities.This presupposes that the state and governments at all levels are the primary entities responsible for the rights and duties of intangible cultural heritage protection,and that all citizens share the right to access and use it.This framework eliminates the tension between intangible heritage and the consolidation of a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.At the practical level,to address the potential negative effects of intangible cultural heritage protection,several measures should be taken.First,greater emphasis should be placed on education of intangible cultural heritage to resolve conceptual contradictions,helping the public fully understand that through the listing process,local and ethnic-specific intangible cultures have been transformed into a national public culture shared by all ethnic groups.Second,attention should be paid to the creative transformation of intangible cultural heritage.Through aesthetic innovation,the“past”of each ethnic group can be reinterpreted as a contemporary fashion shared by the people of all ethnic groups in China.Third,the utilization of intangible cultural heritage resources should be further strengthened.Through the integration of culture and tourism,intangible cultural heritage in ethnic regions can become cultural symbols shared by all ethnic groups in China.
出处
《中南民族大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第12期95-102,192,193,共10页
Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Humanities and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大专项“城乡文化建设中树立和突出各民族共享的中华文化符号理论与路径研究”(22VMZ004)。
关键词
非遗
民族文化
铸牢中华民族共同体意识
文化共享
小传统
大传统
intangible cultural heritage
ethnic culture
consolidating a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation
cultural sharing
little tradition
great tradition
