摘要
中国的碳排放控制目标逐渐从强度控制升级为总量和强度双控。如何科学合理开展碳排放双控工作尤其是协调好与经济发展之间的关系,成为当前减碳工作需要解决的重要命题。生产与消费是经济活动以及碳排放产生过程中的一对核心驱动力,为更好地协调减排与发展,减排工作应从两侧同时入手进行“生产侧与消费侧双控”。围绕生产、消费两侧适宜的减碳行动以及管理目标,该研究主要开展了以下工作:(1)以经济价值产出与资源消耗之间的相关关系作为核心因素,提出了适宜碳排放双控工作开展的生产、消费部门划分方案。进一步,提出实现碳排放双控应采取“生产侧抓强度,消费侧抓总量”的差异化管理目标。生产侧应以强度控制为目标,抓生产效率提升,鼓励先进,限制落后,实现产业整体碳排放强度的不断下降;消费侧应以总量控制为目标,抓需求结构升级,使人的需求与生产侧的强度下降速度以及既定的碳排放总量控制目标相适应。充分发挥生产、消费两侧主体在减碳工作中的不同作用,有利于理顺减碳与发展之间的关系,促进二者相互协调。(2)从核算方法、约束手段、实施目标3个方面对消费侧的总量控制方案进行了初步探讨,基于“生产侧抓强度,消费侧抓总量”的评价导向,提出了碳排放责任的核算方法,协同当前已有的配额管理、行政考核、市场交易等措施给出了消费侧的约束手段,并最终通过配额分解实现约束奢侈浪费,促进需求结构升级的实施目标。(3)讨论了“生产侧抓强度,消费侧抓总量”与当前经济宏观调控方针的协同关系,生产侧抓强度有助于供给侧结构性改革的实现,消费侧抓总量与短期的需求侧管理不矛盾、与长期的需求侧改革相协调。
China's carbon emission control targets have gradually shifted from intensity control to the dual control of total energy consumption and intensity.A crucial issue that needs to be addressed in China is how to scientifically carry out carbon emission control,especially coordinating it with economic development.Production and consumption are the core driving forces behind economic activities and the process of generating carbon emissions.To better coordinate emission reduction and economic development,dual control on both the production and consumption sides is required.This study focuses on the appropriate carbon reduction actions and management goals for both production and consumption sides and finds that:(1) Considering the correlation between economic output and resource consumption,this study draws up a plan that clearly distinguishes the production and consumption sectors.Furthermore,it proposes that achieving dual control of carbon emissions needs to adopt the management goal of ‘intensity control on the production side and total energy consumption control on the consumption side,' in order to fully leverage the different roles of production and consumption sides,clarify the relationship between carbon reduction and economic development,and promote mutual coordination between the two.On the production side,the goal should be intensity control,focusing on the improvement of production efficiency and encouraging advancement while restricting backward practices to achieve a continuous reduction in the overall carbon emission intensity of the industry.On the consumption side,the goal should be total energy consumption control,focusing on the upgrade of the demand structure to align human needs with the rate of intensity reduction on the production side as well as the established total carbon emission control targets.(2) This study conducts a preliminary exploration of the total energy consumption control plan for the consumption side from three aspects:accounting methods,constraint measures,and implementation goals.Based on the evaluation approach of ‘intensity control on the production side and total energy consumption control on the consumption side,' this study proposes a carbon emission responsibility accounting method.It presents consumption-side constraint measures that coordinate with existing measures such as quota management,administrative assessments,and market transactions.Finally,it aims to achieve the implementation objective of curbing excessive consumption while promoting the upgrading of demand structures.(3) The coordination relationship between the two aspects of the above management goal and the current economic regulation and development is discussed.The ‘intensity control on the production side' helps to achieve supply-side structural reform,while the ‘total energy consumption on the consumption side' is not contradictory to short-term demand-side management and is coordinated with long-term demand-side reform.
作者
张洋
薛志峰
胡姗
江亿
ZHANG Yang;XUE Zhifeng;HU Shan;JIANG Yi(Building Energy Research Center,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第10期11-17,共7页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目“向净零排放的公平过渡模式”(批准号:72261147760)
中国工程院学部重大项目“城乡能源供给系统与路径发展战略研究”(批准号:2023-XBZD-07)
清华大学自主科研计划“‘双碳’目标下的碳排放责任核算体系和政策机制研究”(批准号:2022THZWYY06)
国家资助博士后研究人员计划(批准号:GZC20240874)
清华大学“水木学者”计划(批准号:2023SM002)。
关键词
碳排放
强度
总量
生产侧
消费侧
carbon emissions
intensity
total energy consumption
production side
consumption side
