摘要
Ionogels have enabled flexible electronic devices for wide-ranging innovative applications in wearable electronics,soft robotics,and intelligent systems.Ionogels for flexible electronics need to essentially tolerate stress,temperature,humidity,and solvents that may cause their electrical conductivity,structural stability,processing compatibility and sensibility failure.Herein,we developed a novel in-situ photopolymerization protocol to fabricate intrinsically conductive,self-gated ionogels via ion-restriction dual effects.Highly sensitive and intelligent safety sensors with tunable stretchability,robust chemical stability,favorable printability,and complete recyclability,are programmed from defined microneedle arrays printed by the intrinsically conductive ionogel.Ultrahigh elasticity(~794%elongation),high compression tolerance(~90%deformation),improved mechanical strength(tensile and compressive strength of~2.0 MPa and~16.3 MPa,respectively)and remark-able transparency(>91.1%transmittance),as well as high-temperature sensitivity(-2.07%℃^(-1))and a wide working range(-40 to200℃)can be achieved.In particular,the intrinsic sensing mechanisms of ion-restriction dual effects are unlocked based on DFT calculations and MD simulations,and operando temperature-dependent FTIR,and Raman technolo-gies.Moreover,the real-time intelligent monitoring systems toward physical signals and precise temperature based on the microneedle array-structures sensors are also presented and demonstrate great potential applications for extreme environ-ments,e.g.,fire,deep-sea or aerospace.
基金
supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0709900)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22175167)
the National Key R&D Program of the MOST of China(Grant No.2022YFA1602601).
