摘要
针对宁夏北部干旱地区土地耕层变浅、深层土壤板结等问题,以传统旋耕(耕作深度约15 cm)为对照(CK),设置粉垄耕作深度为30 cm(FL30)、40 cm(FL40)、50 cm(FL50)和60 cm(FL60)4个处理,监测在不同处理下玉米各个生育期土壤养分(碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质)和土壤酶活性(脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶)的变化规律。结果表明:粉垄耕作下土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量显著高于CK,且各养分含量的下降速度显著低于CK,尤其能显著提高较深处土壤(20~60 cm)的养分含量,其中碱解氮含量平均提高16.94 mg/kg,速效磷含量平均提高12.28 mg/kg,速效钾含量平均提高10.41 mg/kg,有机质含量平均提高6.34 g/kg;粉垄耕作下土壤过氧化氢酶含量显著高于CK,平均提高了0.69 mL/g;粉垄耕作对20~60 cm土层内脲酶、蔗糖酶的活性影响显著高于CK,分别平均提高1.17 mg/(g·d)、1.27 mg/(g·d)。由于粉垄耕作显著改善了土壤的关键物理属性及内部环境,因此,粉垄后土壤养分均高于原土,且活化了深层土壤的关键酶活性,在增加了土地耕作层厚度、疏松了土壤结构的基础上,为作物的生长提供了良好的生长环境。本研究为干旱地区粉垄耕作技术应用推广及土壤环境可持续发展提供了理论依据。
In response to the problems such as shallowness of land cultivation layer and compaction of deep soil layers in the arid areas of northern Ningxia,the changes of soil nutrients and enzyme activity during the entire growth period of maize under the use of Fenlong cultivation were investigated.Using traditional Fenlong cultivation(with a tillage depth of about 15 cm)as a control(CK),four treatments were set with a Fenlong depth of 30 cm(FL30),40 cm(FL40),50 cm(FL50),and 60 cm(FL60),respectively.The changes in soil nutrients(alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,organic matter)and soil enzyme activity(urease,catalase,sucrase,alkaline phosphatase)at different growth stages of maize were monitored under different treatments.The results showed that:The contents of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the soil under Fenlong cultivation were significantly higher than those of CK.The rate of decline of each nutrient content was significantly lower than that of CK,especially in the deeper soil(20 to 60 cm),where the average alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen content increased by 16.94 mg/kg,the average available phosphorus content increased by 12.28 mg/kg,the average available potassium content increased by 10.41 mg/kg,and the average organic matter content increased by 6.34 g/kg;The content of soil catalase under Fenlong cultivation was significantly higher than that under CK,with an average increase of 0.69 mg/kg;The effect of Fenlong cultivation on the activity of urease and sucrase in the 20 to 60 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that of CK,with an average increase of 1.17 mg(/g∙d)and 1.27 mg(/g∙d),respectively.In conclusion,Fenlong cultivation significantly improved the key physical properties and internal environment of soil.The nutrients in the soil after Fenlong cultivation were higher than those in the original soil,and the key enzyme activities in the deep soil were activated.Based on increasing the thickness of the tillage layer and loosening the soil structure,it provided a good ecological environment for crop growth.This study provides a theoretical basis for the application and promotion of Fenlong cultivation in arid areas and the sustainable development of the soil environment.
作者
杨佳鹤
何进宇
石伟业
杨青青
杨海林
李王成
何进勤
陈彦云
YANG Jiahe;HE Jinyu;SHI Weiye;YANG Qingqing;YANG Hailin;LI Wangcheng;HE Jinqin;CHEN Yanyun(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Areas,Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Water Saving Irrigation and Water Resource Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center,Yinchuan 750021,China;School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750100,China;School of Life Sciences,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)
出处
《中国农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第12期237-253,共17页
Journal of China Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900601-02-04)
宁夏重点研发计划重大(重点)项目(2019BBF02006-01)
宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NXYLXK2021A03)。
关键词
粉垄耕作
玉米
土壤养分
土壤酶活性
土壤环境
Fenlong cultivation
corn
soil nutrients
soil enzyme activity
soil environment
