摘要
【目的】对芒属植物的地理分布状况、资源利用现状和入侵特性等进行分析,以防范其潜在的入侵风险,发掘芒属植物资源的应用潜力。【方法】通过对文献资料的整理和分析,对芒属植物在全球范围内的地理分布状况和资源利用现状进行汇总和绘图;并采用2种风险评估体系(WG-WRA和WRA)对我国应用较多的植物种类进行风险评估。【结果】本研究汇总了18种芒属植物的地理分布信息,其中,4种为广布种,14种为狭域种。芒属植物在亚洲有广泛的分布,但大多处于野生或半被利用状态,被充分开发利用的种类相对贫乏;在欧美地区,芒属植物最早主要作为外来植物被引入,目前观赏型芒和奇岗等有较为广泛的种植和应用。随着芒属植物(尤其是观赏芒类)的大面积种植(或推广),其潜在的入侵风险也日渐显现。风险评估结果表明,芒属植物尚未在我国造成明显的入侵危害,低入侵风险比例为64.3%。但是其中的一些种类存在较高的入侵风险,例如五节芒和荻,其WG-WRA分值分别高达34和31分,为高风险。芒属植物具有很强的无性繁殖能力和广泛的环境适应性等,可能是其造成入侵危害的重要属性,需要引起重视。【结论】芒属植物已经在一些国家和地区造成了入侵危害,需要警惕其未来时期的入侵风险。对于具有很强扩繁能力的种类(或品种),需要做好引种前的风险评估工作,做到充分合理利用其优良性状而防范其入侵风险。
【Aim】The distribution,resource utilization,and invasion characteristics of Miscanthus species were investigated and the potential application of the Miscanthus resources was explored.【Method】Based on collected information and data analysis,we analyzed the current situation of resource utilization and generated a map of the distribution of Miscanthus species worldwide.Meanwhile,two risk assessment systems[Weed Risk Assessment for Central Europe(WG-WRA)and Australian(or New Zealand)Weed Risk Assessment(WRA)]were used to evaluate the risk of widely used Miscanthus species in China.【Result】Eighteen Miscanthus species were evaluated,of which four species had a wide distribution and the remaining 14 had a relatively narrow distribution.Members of the genus Miscanthus are widely distributed across Asia;however,most of them are wild or semi-utilized.Fully utilized species are relatively scarce.In the European and American regions,Miscanthus plants were introduced mainly as exotic plants,then as ornamental cultivars;currently,the ornamental types of Miscanthus and Miscanthus×giganteus have a wide range of applications.With the large-scale usage of Miscanthus species,especially the ornamental types,their potential invasion risks are becoming increasingly apparent.The genus Miscanthus has a low-risk ratio of 64.3%and has overall not yet posed significant invasion hazards in China.Nonetheless,some species,including M.floridulus and M.sacchariflorus,with WG-WRA scores of 34 and 31 respectively,are classified as high-risk species.Some characteristics of Miscanthus species,such as strong asexual reproduction ability and extensive environmental adaptability,may be important attributes that pose invasion hazards and require special attention.【Conclusion】Miscanthus species have posed invasion hazards in some countries and regions.Vigilance about their future invasion risk is necessary.For species(or cultivars)with strong reproductive capacity,conducting risk assessment for introduced varieties is urgently needed to fully utilize their beneficial traits,while being cautious about their invasion risks.
作者
陈超
张辉
逯辉
滕文军
武菊英
CHEN Chao;ZHANG Hui;LU Hui;TENG Wenjun;WU Juying(Institute of Grassland,Flower and Ecology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China)
出处
《生物安全学报（中英文）》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期356-364,共9页
Journal of biosafety
基金
北京市农林科学院青年基金(QNJJ202113)
“蒙科聚”创新驱动平台项目(2023MKJ0023)。
关键词
芒属植物
风险评估
观赏草
能源草
入侵风险
Miscanthus species
risk assessment
ornamental grass
energy grass
invasion risk
