摘要
前殖民宗主国家通过共同规则,彼此约束,不再征战,建立了它们之间的安全社群。相对于此,前殖民地国家则通过互不干预,彼此承认主权完整和独立,建立了它们之间的安全社群。后者由于不涉及共同规则,引发了前者的不安。两种安全社群成员国的属性不同,前殖民宗主国家依循威斯特伐利亚体系而建立,经历了惨绝人寰的大屠杀、世界大战,自觉需要约束才能建立秩序,因此重视共同规则。前殖民地国家则因受到殖民主义的影响而长期处于四分五裂的状态,充其量是建立了不完整的政权,这与威斯特伐利亚体系习以为常的国家迥异,因而追求国际社会对其独立地位的认可,但遭到前殖民宗主国家的指控。前殖民地国家被指控如同过去的殖民宗主国家一样不受约束,成为当代“安全威胁”的来源。可见,在殖民性不同的国家,有关安全社群的设想也有所不同。全球南方作为一种整合的身份范畴,为分析不同安全社群基于不同的殖民性所衍生的多样化安全需要提供了新的视角,同时,结合上海合作组织的实践,可以看到一些安全社群研究仅局限于前殖民宗主国家这一单一视角的不足。
Former colonizer states have established security communities among themselves by mutually restraining through common rules,thus avoiding further conflicts.In contrast,former colonies have built security communities through non-interference and mutual recognition of sovereignty and independence without involving common rules,which has caused unease among the former colonizers.The attributes of the member states in these two types of security communities differ.Following the Westphalian system,the former colonizer states experienced horrific massacres and world wars,making them aware of the need for restraint to establish order,thus emphasizing rules.Former colonies,however,have been fragmented by colonialism and are,at best,incomplete regimes,making them vastly different from states accustomed to the Westphalian system.As a result,they pursue recognition of their independence by the international community,which has been met with accusations from former colonizer states.These former colonies are accused of being as unrestrained as their former colonizers and are seen as sources of contemporary security threats.This demonstrates that countries with different coloniality have different conceptions of security communities.This article uses the Global South as an integrated identity category to compare the different needs of the states of different coloniality within security communities and uses the Shanghai Cooperation Organization as an example to point out the limitations of some security community research,which still falls into the trap of colonialist thinking.
作者
石之瑜
侯长坤
SHIH Chih-yu;HOU Changkun
出处
《国际展望》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第6期1-29,159,共30页
Global Review
关键词
安全化
去安全化
安全社群
殖民性
全球南方
上海合作组织
securitization
desecuritization
security community
coloniality
Global South
Shanghai Cooperation Organization
