摘要
【目的】探讨番荔枝开花传粉生物学特性,对比不同授粉方式的果实差异,为番荔枝生殖繁育系统研究提供数据支持,也为番荔枝杂交育种及生产提供参考依据。【方法】以凤梨释迦、非洲骄傲、大目释迦3个番荔枝品种为研究对象,观察其花朵形态和开花进程,用扫描电镜观察花粉形态,调查其访花传粉昆虫;于番荔枝花不同开花进程测定花粉萌发率、柱头可授性,并进行人工授粉比较试验,统计坐果率,分析果实特性。【结果】番荔枝花朵为青色,具有特殊结构,传粉室属半闭合型,主要传粉昆虫为小甲虫、蓟马。花粉为四合体,辐射对称,外壁纹饰呈网状雕纹,大目释迦脊上有丛横交错纹路,凤梨释迦、非洲骄傲脊上有不明显圆点突起。番荔枝花粉在开花前就具有一定活力,花粉活力随时间推移不断升高,在散粉阶段达到最高值,随后下降,柱头可授性在未开时期已具有可授性,初开至全开时柱头可授性仍较强,散粉时柱头可授性较弱。人工授粉坐果率均值为74.67%,自然授粉坐果率均值为32.22%,不同授粉方式的番荔枝果实品质无显著差异(P>0.05,下同),但人工授粉的果实果形更好,单果重、纵横径、种子数、可食率数值更大;维生素C、可溶性糖、蛋白质、总酸、总酚、总黄酮含量、氨基酸总量及钾、钙、钠、镁、铁、锰、锌等元素含量与自然坐果果实无显著差异。【结论】番荔枝花雌雄异熟,具半闭合型传粉室,主要依靠小甲虫和蓟马传粉。人工授粉坐果率显著大于自然授粉处理,其果实品质与自然授粉相近,果形更优。
[Objective]The paper aimed to explore the biological characteristics of flowering and pollination of Annona squamosa L.,to lay the foundation for the study of the reproductive breeding system of A.squamosa,and also for the hybrid breeding and production of A.squa-mosa to provide a theoretical basis.[Method]A.squamosa varieties Damu,Gefner and AP were taken as the objects of study,and its flower morphology and flowering process were observed,using scanning electron microscopy to observe the pollen morphology,and its visiting and pollinating insects were investigated;Rate of pollen germination,stigma pollination at different flowering processes were determined,and ar-tificial poination comparison test was conducted,fruit stting rate and fruit characteristics were recorded and analyzed.[Result]Asquamo sa flowers were green with a special structure,the pollination chamber was semi-closed and the main pollinating insects were small beetles and thrips.The pollen was tetrads,radially symmetrical,with a reticulated carved pattern on the outer wall,with crisscrossed patterns on the ridges of Damu,and inconspicuous dotted projections on the ridges of Gefner and AP.The pollen had some vigour before flowering,then pollen vigour increased over time,reaching a maximum at the pollen scattering period,then declined,stigma was pollenable at the unopened period,and stigma pollenability wastll strong at initial opening to flly open period,and stigma pllenability was weak at pollen scatering period.The fruit setting rate of artificial pollination was 74.67%and that of natural pollination was 32.22%.There was no significant difference in the quality of fruits between different pollination methods(P>0.05,the same as below),and the fruits of artificial pollination had better fruit shape and greater values of single fruit weight,longitudinal and transverse diameters,number of seeds,and edible rate.Vi-tamin C,soluble sugar,protein,total acid,total phenols,total flavonoids,total amino acids contents as well as potassium,calcium,sodi-um,magnesium,iron,manganese,zinc elements contents did not dier significantly from the contents of naturally pollinated fruits.[Conclusion]The flowers of A.squamosa are heteroecious,with semi-closed pollination chambers.The main pollinating insects are small beetles and thrips.The fruit setting rate of the artificial pollination treatment is significantly higher than that of the natural pollination treatment,and the fruit quality is similar to that of the natural pollination treatment,but with better fruit shape.
作者
潘贞珍
郑树芳
陈海生
谭秋锦
潘浩男
环秀菊
王文林
覃振师
韦媛荣
方仁
PAN Zhen-zhen;ZHENG Shu-fang;CHEN Hai-sheng;TAN Qiu-jin;PAN Hao-nan;HUAN Xiu-ju;WANG Wen-lin;QIN Zhen-shi;WEI Yuan-rong;FANG Ren(Guangxi Institute of South Subtropical Agricultural Science,Chongzuo,Guangxi 532400,China;Horticulture Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530000,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第9期2061-2068,共8页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队项目(nycytxgxcxtd-17-16)
广西科技先锋队“强农富民”“六个一”专项行动(桂农科盟202404-08)
广西农业科学院稳定资助科研团队项目(桂农科2021YT159)
广西南亚热带农业科学研究所科研自立项目(GXNYSZL202401)。
关键词
番荔枝
花粉
可授性
传粉
Annona squamosa L.
Pollen
Pollenability
Pollination
