摘要
EMS是化学诱变中最常用的诱变剂,EMS诱变具有单个碱基点突变率高、成本低、易操作等优点,通过EMS诱变获得突变体可以为育种和基因功能研究提供有利的材料。EMS诱变技术的关键是确定EMS浓度和诱变时间,一般以达到半致死率的浓度和时间为最佳处理组合。禾本科植物中主要以种子为诱变材料,同时花粉、愈伤组织以及依靠营养繁殖的禾本科植物的营养器官也可以作为诱变材料。不同植物材料对EMS的耐受性不同,花粉最敏感,其次是愈伤组织,无性繁殖材料和种子的耐受性较强。突变体的筛选方式包括表型对比筛选、逆境定向筛选和正、反向遗传学筛选。本文综述了近年来EMS诱变技术在禾本科植物育种和基因功能研究中的应用,介绍了EMS的诱变原理、诱变剂浓度、处理时间、诱变处理材料的选择及突变体的筛选,并对未来禾本科植物中的EMS诱变研究进行了展望,为今后禾本科植物的EMS诱变研究提供参考。
EMS is the most commonly used mutagen in chemical mutagenesis,which has the advantages of high point mutation rate of a single base,low cost and easy operation.Obtaining mutants through EMS mutagenesis can provide favorable material for breeding and gene function studies.The key of EMS mutagenesis technology is to determine the EMS concentration and mutagenesis time.Generally,the combination of concentration and time to achieve the half lethal rate is the best.In gramineous plants,seeds are mainly used as mutagenic materials.At the same time,pollen,callus and vegetative organs of gramineous plants that rely on vegetative reproduction can be used as mutagenic materials.Different plant materials have different tolerance to EMS.Pollen is the most sensitive,followed by callus,and asexual reproduction materials and seeds have strong tolerance.The screening methods of mutants include phenotypic comparison screening,stress directional screening,and forward and reverse genetic screening.This article reviews the application of EMS mutagenesis in gramineous plants breeding and gene function research in recent years,introduces the mutagenesis principle,mutagen concentration,mutagen time,mutagenic material selection and the screening of mutants,and the future research on EMS mutagenesis in gramineous plants was prospected,this information can provide reference for EMS mutagenesis research of gramineous plants in the future.
作者
彭辉
穆麟
沈佳欣
张文杰
黄菁
黄雨珣
张志飞
PENG Hui;MU Lin;SHEN Jiaxin;ZHANG Wenjie;HUANG Jing;HUANG Yuxun;ZHANG Zhifei(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128;Hunan Provincial Grassland Research Center,Changsha 410128;State-owned Forest and Seedling Station in Hunan Province,Changsha 410004)
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第9期1417-1427,共11页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
2023年湖南省林业生态保护修复及发展项目。
