摘要
生态脆弱性评价是衡量矿区生态安全的重要标准之一。为分析滦州市矿区生态脆弱性的时空分布和主要影响因子,依托珠海一号影像数据得到滦州市矿区中心范围的分类结果,从生态敏感性、生态恢复力、生态压力度3个维度,构建了以采场和尾矿库为中心,涵盖三个缓冲圈层的“敏感性-恢复力-压力度”模型(SRP模型),对2010、2015、2019年滦州市矿区的生态脆弱性进行综合评价,最终划定了5个生态脆弱性等级区。评价结果表明:(1)滦州市矿区在空间上以微度和轻度脆弱区为主,在时间上呈现出微度和轻度脆弱区先增加后降低的趋势、中度和中度以上脆弱区先降低后增加的趋势,生态环境总体质量呈向好发展;(2)2010、2015、2019年滦州市矿区生态环境脆弱性总体以微度脆弱为主,分别占69.33%、86.13%、78.89%,重度和极度脆弱区的比例之和均低于5%;(3)从时间和空间变化情况看,采矿、城镇发展,人口、GDP等都是导致滦州市生态脆弱性结果的主要影响因素,矿山对生态脆弱性的影响程度在政策引导作用下逐步减弱,而经济建设对自然的破坏性不容忽视。滦州市矿区2010~2019年3期生态脆弱性整体呈现西北高、东南低的趋势,2010~2015年间生态脆弱性缓和,在2015~2019年间生态脆弱性加重,滦州市矿区生态脆弱性受人为活动和自然因素的共同影响。
The evaluation of ecological vulnerability is one of the important standards for the ecological security of mining areas.This work atlempts to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution and main influencing factors of the ecological vulnerability of the mining area in Luanzhou City.The Zhuhai No.1 images were utilized to obtain the classification results of the central range of the mining areas in Luanzhou City.The"sensitivityresilience-pressure degree"model covering three buffer layers centered on stope and tailings reservoir was constructed from three dimensions of ecological sensitivity.The"sensitivity-resilience-pressure"model was constructed to comprehensively evaluate the ecological vulnerability of the mining area in Luanzhou City in 2010,2015 and 2019,and five ecological vulnerability zones were delineated.The evaluation shows that:(1)The Luanzhou mining area is dominated by slightly and mildly vulnerable areas in space,and the slightly and mildly vulnerable areas first increase and then decrease in time,while the moderate and above moderate vulnerable areas first decrease and then increase.The overall ecological environment quality shows a good development.(2)The ecological vulnerability of the mining area in Luanzhou City in 2010,2015,and 2019 is dominated by slight vulnerability,which accounted for 69.33%,86.13%,and 78.89%,respectively,and the sum of the proportions of the severely and extremely vulnerable zones is less than 5%.(3)From the temporal and spatial variations,mining,town development,population,GDP are the main influencing factors leading to the ecological vulnerability results in Luanzhou City.The influence degree of the mines on ecological vulnerability gradually weakened under the role of policy guidance,while the destructive nature of the economic construction can not be ignored.The overall trend of ecological vulnerability in the mining area of Luanzhou City in the three periods of 2010~2019 is high in the northwest and low in the southeast.The ecological vulnerability was moderate during the period of 2010~2015 and aggravated during the period of 2015~2019,and the ecological vulnerability of the mining area of Luanzhou City was affected by the combination of anthropogenic activities and natural factors.
作者
贾玉娜
孟茜燕
白洋
康会涛
张寅桐
魏千朔
JIA Yuna;MENG Xiyan;BAI Yang;KANG Huitao;ZHANG Yintong;WEI Qianshuo(North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan,Hebei 063210;Hebei Bureau of Geology 7thGeological Brigade,Langfang,Hebei 065201)
出处
《地质与勘探》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期1021-1029,共9页
Geology and Exploration
基金
河北省教育厅青年基金(编号:QN2020149)
唐山市科技局项目(编号:21130204C)
矿区生态修复与固废资源化厅市共建山西省重点实验室项目(编号:SXIT202304)联合资助。
关键词
生态脆弱性
时空分布
缓冲圈层
SRP模型
矿区
滦州市
ecological vulnerability
spatial and temporal distribution
buffer ring
SRP model
mining area
Luanzhou City
