摘要
依据动物营养学理论,水产动物对饲料蛋白质和氨基酸的营养需要量就是在满足动物生长性能和生理健康条件下的饲料蛋白质和氨基酸的最低需要量。水产饲料中过高的粗蛋白含量既违背动物营养理论,又造成饲料资源的严重浪费,同时显著增加了对养殖水体中的氮输入量。因此,发展低蛋白质含量、高质量的水产饲料是必需的。这类饲料可以称之为实现了理想蛋白质模型的低蛋白质水产饲料。水产动物理想蛋白质模型是以饲料中可消化蛋白质的量、可消化氨基酸的量为基础计算和配制的,同时也要保持很好的氨基酸平衡性。构建饲料原料中蛋白质和氨基酸消化率数据库是发展理想蛋白质模型水产饲料的技术核心。采用工业化酶解技术和微生物发酵技术,可以显著提高饲料原料中蛋白质和氨基酸的消化利用率,或者开发出蛋白质、氨基酸消化率很高的新的饲料原料,这类原料在饲料中的应用,是发展低蛋白质含量、高质量水产饲料的重要保障。水产饲料产品质量标准是水产饲料工业和水产养殖业发展的重要技术保障。因此,水产饲料产品质量标准也要增加饲料中可消化蛋白质和氨基酸含量的技术指标和含量。
According to the theory of animal nutrition,the nutritional requirements of aquatic animals for feed protein and amino acids are the minimum requirements for feed protein and amino acids under the conditions of meeting animal growth performance and physiological health.The high crude protein content in aquatic feed not only violates animal nutrition theory,but also causes serious waste of feed resources,and significantly increases the nitrogen input into aquaculture water bodies.Therefore,it is necessary to develop low protein content and high-quality aquatic feed.This type of feed industry can be referred to as low protein aquatic feed that achieves the ideal protein model.The ideal protein model for aquatic animals is calculated and formulated based on the amount of digestible protein and amino acids in the feed,while also maintaining good amino acid balance.Constructing a database of protein and amino acid digestibility in feed raw materials is the technical core for developing ideal protein models for aquatic feed.The use of industrial enzymatic hydrolysis technology and microbial fermentation technology can significantly improve the digestibility and utilization of protein and amino acids in feed materials,or develop new feed materials with high digestibility of protein and amino acids.The application of such raw materials in feed is an important guarantee for the development of low protein content and high-quality aquatic feed.The quality standards for aquatic feed products are an important technical guarantee for the development of the aquatic feed industry and aquaculture industry.Therefore,the quality standards for aquatic feed products should also increase the technical indicators and content of digestible protein and amino acids in feed.
作者
叶元土
YE Yuantu(of Life Sciences,Soochow University,Jiangsu Suzhou)
出处
《饲料工业》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第16期1-8,共8页
Feed Industry
