摘要
与另案存在牵连关系的民事案件应当由法官并行审理,还是停止并等待另案先行审理确定,其裁量标准尚不明确。现行立法及传统“预决性”解释过度扩张强制性的停止审理范围,其审理进行的方式缺乏灵活性和安定性。在法典化的预期下,我国未来的《民事诉讼法典》应当将停止审理作为法官裁量事项,在总则编将其与诉之合并和诉之分离纳入“诉讼指挥”章节。在不能优先适用合并审理时,本案原则上应并行审理;强制停止审理应仅限于法定特殊情形;裁量停止审理应分别规定两种裁量情形。其一,“法律上影响”的牵连类型指另案审理对象是本案审理对象的先决问题,其不仅以实体法构造产生的依存性为要件,通常还需要裁判效力及于本案当事人,并有未来产生冲突的较大可能性。其二,“事实上影响”的牵连类型以“刑民交叉”案件为代表,其裁量标准在于相较于本案自行调查,援用另案共同审理内容是否具有避免不必要重复审理环节、促进诉讼经济等明显优势。
If there is a connection between a civil dispute and another case that is pending,the criteria for discretion are still unclear as to whether the proceedings should to be continued in parallel or one case should be suspended until the other has been dealt with and terminated.Current laws and traditional"prejudicial relationship"theory have excessively expanded the scope of application of mandatory suspension,resulting in the lack of flexibility and stability during court hearings.In context of the expected codification,the PRC Civil Procedure Code de lege ferenda should stipulate the suspension of the current case as a matter of the judge's discretion and place it together with"consolidation and separation of claims"into the section of"case management of proceedings"under the Part of General Provisions.When the consolidation of claims as a priority is difficult to achieve,cases should,in principle,be heard in parallel.Mandatory suspension should only be applied to special circumstances regulated by the statute.For a discretionary suspension,it is necessary to set two application types.The type of"legal influence"refers to circumstances where the subject matter of another case forms a"preliminary issue"to that of the current case,which not only requires the dependence of the judgment of the current case on the subject matter of the other case according to substantive legal provisions,but also usually requires that the judgment of the other case will take effect for and against parties in the current case,giving a high possibility of conflicting judgments in the future.With respect to the type of"de facto influence",such as"crossover of criminal and civil cases",the criteria for discretion should be compared with the judge's own investigation,whether by citing another final judgment obvious advantages in avoiding unnecessary repeated hearings and promoting litigation economy can be foreseen.
出处
《中外法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第4期1081-1099,共19页
Peking University Law Journal
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“民法典实施背景下民事审判程序集约化研究”(项目编号:23AFX004)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
预决关系
牵连关系
中止审理
刑民交叉
Prejudicial Relationship
Connection between Cases
Suspension of the Case
Crossover of Criminal and Civil Cases
