摘要
大豆作为重要的粮食作物和油料作物,在人类生产生活中扮演着十分重要的角色。近年来国内大豆供给孱弱,对外依存度过高,使国内大豆市场受到严重冲击,并给国家粮食安全带来一定隐患,因此培育优质高产的大豆品种是当前国内大豆育种的重要目标。目前,大豆中一批控制重要性状的关键基因已经被克隆和解析,为开展分子设计育种提供了重要的理论支撑。传统育种周期长、效率较低,基因编辑技术为生物育种提供了新的途径和工具,可以加速育种进程。以CRISPR/Cas9技术为代表的基因编辑技术已经快速发展成为大豆基因功能研究、改造及农艺性状遗传改良的重要工具。本文介绍了基因编辑技术的类型、特点及其在植物中的应用概况,并综述了其在大豆产量、品质、抗病、抗逆、开花期、共生固氮和育性等农艺性状研究中的最新研究进展,为开展大豆基因编辑育种提供了一定的依据和借鉴。此外,本文还探讨了基因编辑技术在大豆遗传改良中存在的问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望。
Soybean serves as an essential food and oil crop,and plays a crucial role in people's livelihoods.However,in recent years,domestic soybean supply has been insufficient,and there is a high dependency on imports.This situation has seriously impacted the domestic soybean market and brought some hidden dangers to the national food security.Hence,enhancing yield and improving seed quality are major goals in current soybean breeding programs in China.At present,a number of key genes controlling important traits in soybean have been cloned and analyzed,which provides important theoretical support for molecular design breeding.The traditional breeding is time-consuming and low efficiency.Gene editing technology provides a new way and tool for biological breeding,which can accelerate the breeding process.Gene editing technologies,represented by CRISPR/Cas9,have rapidly developed into important tools for studying soybean gene functions,genetic modifications,and improving agronomic traits.This article provides an overview of gene editing technology types,features,and their utilization in plants.It also reviews the latest research progress of gene editing technology in enhancing agronomic traits related to soybean yield,quality,stress resistance,disease resistance,flowering time,symbiotic nitrogen fixation,fertility and other traits,providing a theoretical basis and reference for soybean gene editing breeding.Furthermore,this paper also discusses the challenges of gene editing technology in soybean genetic improvement and presents its promising future applications.
作者
刘佳瑞
张钰
彭国庆
齐照明
陈庆山
辛大伟
胡利民
LIU Jiarui;ZHANG Yu;PENG Guoqing;QI Zhaoming;CHEN Qingshan;XIN Dawei;HU Limin(National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System,Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry,Harbin 150030)
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期919-930,共12页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32301785)。
关键词
大豆
基因编辑技术
遗传改良
育种
soybean
gene editing technology
genetic improvement
breeding
