摘要
目的探究天津市2019—2023年学校卫生工作现况,为进一步完善学校卫生工作提供政策参考。方法利用2019,2021和2023年天津市学校卫生工作调查资料,分析卫生行政部门、疾病预防控制中心和教育部门的学校卫生工作人员配备和经费,以及中小学校健康教育、常见病和传染病防控、体育活动、食品营养等工作开展情况及年份间的变化。采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验、χ^(2)检验、Fisher精确检验进行统计学分析。结果2019,2021和2023年天津市各区卫生健康委和教育部门的学校卫生工作人员数较稳定,其中卫生健康委以兼职人员为主,教育部门以专职人员为主;疾病预防控制中心的学校卫生工作人员数量逐渐增加,差异有统计学意义(H=12.65,P<0.01)。与2019年相比,2021年和2023年区卫生健康委和中小学校的学校卫生工作经费均增加,差异均有统计学意义(H值分别为22.28,23.75,P值均<0.05)。2019,2021和2023年均有95.00%,97.25%和99.07%的学校设立了卫生室或保健室,97.00%,97.25%和96.30%的学校有学校卫生技术人员或保健教师。2019,2021和2023年分别有超过90%的学校健康教育课可以达到每学期4课时,心理健康教育的开设率逐年上升(86.87%,89.91%,96.30%,Z=2.40,P<0.05),安全应急与避险、生长发育和青春期保健教育相对开设较少,学校心理咨询服务的开设率(89.00%,97.25%,100.00%)和心理问题防控的开展率(56.12%,71.56%,81.48%)均逐年上升(Z值分别为3.83,3.96,P值均<0.01);视力不良、龋齿与口腔疾病和超重肥胖防控的开展率均高于80%,脊柱弯曲异常防控的开展率呈上升趋势(38.78%,77.06%,72.22%,Z=4.87,P<0.01)。2019,2021和2023年分别有90.91%,97.22%和93.46%的学校体育课时达标,大课间体育活动达标的学校比例逐年上升(65.00%,80.73%,85.98%,Z=3.59,P<0.01)。所有学校均不设小卖部。结论天津市学校卫生工作整体上开展较好。需继续增加学校卫生人力资源和经费投入,探索学生常见病多病共防机制,完善校园运动和营养环境。
Objective To explore the current status and progress of regional school health work to provide policy reference for school health improvement.Methods Survey data on school health work in Tianjin from 2019,2021 and 2023 was used.School health staff allocation and expenditure of the health administrative department,CDC and education department,as well as the annual implementation of health education,prevention and control of common diseases and infectious diseases,sports activities and food nutrition in primary and secondary schools were analyzed.Statistical analysis was conducted using Kruskal-Wallis test,Chi-square test,and Fisher's exact test.Results The number of school health staff in the health commissions and education departments from 2019,2021 and 2023 was relatively stable.Part-time staffs were often employed by health commissions while full-time staffs were mainly employed by education departments.The number of school health staff at CDCs increased gradually(H=12.65,P<0.01).School health expenditure of administrative departments and schools in 2021 and 2023 increased significantly compared with that in 2019(H=22.28,23.75,P<0.05).More than 95%of schools set up clinics or health care rooms,and about 97%of schools had school health technicians or health teachers.More than 90%of schools had health education courses over 4 hours per semester.The rate of mental health education increased by year(86.87%,89.91%,96.30%,Z=2.40,P<0.05).Lack of courses regarded safety emergency and risk avoidance,growth and development,and adolescent health education.The provision rate of psychological counseling services(89.00%,97.25%,100.00%)and psychological problem prevention and control(56.12%,71.56%,81.48%)also increased by year(Z=3.83,3.96,P<0.01).The implementation rates of prevention and control of poor vision,dental caries,overweight and obesity were all higher than 80%,and the prevention and control rate of abnormal spinal curvature showed an increasing trend(38.78%,77.06%,72.22%,Z=4.87,P<0.01).More than 90%of schools met the standard for physical education class hours,and the proportion of schools conducting at least 30 minutes of recess physical activities every day increased year by year(65.00%,80.73%,85.98%,Z=3.59,P<0.01).All schools did not have shops.Conclusions School health work in Tianjin is effective and constantly developing.It is necessary to continue to increase the investment of human resources and expenditure in school health,explore the approaches of co-occurrence and prevention of common diseases,and improve the school sports and nutrition environment.
作者
蒋家诺
刘忠慧
张献伟
宋欣俐
张依航
董子奇
袁雯
董彦会
陈璐
宋逸
马军
JIANG Jianuo;LIU Zhonghui;ZHANG Xianwei;SONG Xinli;ZHANG Yihang;DONG Ziqi;YUAN Wen;DONG Yanhui;CHEN Lu;SONG Yi;MA Jun(School of Public Health/Institute of Child and Adolescent Health,Peking University,Beijing(100191),China;不详)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第5期620-625,共6页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
北京市教育科学规划课题项目(AHCA23107)。
关键词
公共卫生
卫生保健提供
组织和管理
学生保健服务
Public health
Delivery of health care
Organization and administration
Student health services
