摘要
【目的】斜发沸石作为一种优良的土壤改良剂,因其具有改善土壤养分、提高水稻产量、减少氮素流失等积极作用而广泛用于水稻生产中。通过田间定位试验,探究干湿交替灌溉条件下斜发沸石对水稻氮素吸收利用和产量的长期影响。【方法】在2017—2021年连续5年进行原位大田试验。试验设计为随机区组试验,设置常规淹灌条件下不施斜发沸石(I_(CF)Z_(0)),干湿交替灌溉下不施斜发沸石(I_(AWD)Z_(0))和干湿交替灌溉下施加10 t/hm^(2)斜发沸石(I_(AWD)Z_(10))3个处理,斜发沸石于2017年施入土壤,之后4年(2018—2021)不再施用。水稻生育期内定期取0—30 cm土壤样品用于测定无机氮含量,每年水稻成熟期,调查籽粒产量量及主要产量构成因子,计算地上部氮累积量、氮肥偏生产力。【结果】I_(CF)Z_(0)和I_(AWD)Z_(0)处理的水稻产量、地上部氮累积量和氮肥偏生产力差异均不显著。与I_(CF)Z_(0)和I_(AWD)Z_(0)处理相比,I_(AWD)Z_(10)处理连续5年均显著提高了地上部氮累积量和产量,但增长率随定位试验的延长有所下降。I_(AWD)Z_(10)处理氮肥偏生产力较I_(CF)Z_(0)和I_(AWD)Z_(0)处理分别增加了9.67~13.44和5.53~9.55 kg/kg,产量分别增加了1.26~2.42和1.00~1.72 t/hm^(2)。与I_(AWD)Z_(0)相比,I_(AWD)Z_(10)处理地上部干物质累积量在拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期、乳熟期和成熟期分别增加了20.96%~31.24%、16.89%~30.44%、17.87%~25.45%和13.43%~21.12%,地上部氮累积量分别增加了19.92%~47.14%、14.90%~43.88%、21.68%~31.37%和7.18%~30.27%。I_(AWD)Z_(0)与I_(CF)Z_(0)处理土壤无机氮含量差异不显著,I_(AWD)Z_(10)处理土壤无机氮含量最高,较I_(AWD)Z_(0)处理增加了19.88%~40.96%。在分蘖—穗肥阶段,5年间I_(AWD)Z_(10)处理的土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N含量较I_(CF)Z_(0)和I_(AWD)Z_(0)处理分别增加了31.83%~48.84%和28.35%~52.80%。I_(AWD)Z_(0)和I_(CF)Z_(0)处理收获后土壤全氮含量差异不显著,I_(AWD)Z_(10)较I_(CF)Z_(0)处理显著提高了收获期土壤全氮含量,提升幅度为9.27%~11.41%,这表明随着时间的延长,斜发沸石并不会对土壤养分产生负面影响,反而对土壤养分具有长期改善的作用。【结论】在干湿交替灌溉条件下,一次性施用斜发沸石可连续多年提高水稻生育期土壤铵态氮含量、增加土壤全氮,进而促进水稻氮吸收,提高氮肥偏生产力和产量。因此,斜发沸石可用于新型灌溉技术下提高水稻产量,实现稻田可持续利用。
【Objectives】Clinoptilolite has been widely used as a soil amendment in rice production due to its positive effects of improving soil nutrients and decreasing N losses.We carried out a located field experiment to investigate the lasting effects of clinoptilolite on nitrogen uptake and yield of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation(AWD)【Methods】The located rice field experiment was conducted consecutively from 2018 to 2021,using a completely randomized block design.The treatments included no clinoptilolite addition under continuous flooding irrigation(I_(CF)Z_(0)),no clinoptilolite addition under AWD(I_(AWD)Z_(0)),and 10 t/hm^(2)clinoptilolite addition under AWD(I_(AWD)Z_(10)),clinoptilolite was applied in 2017 and was not applied later on.0−30 cm soil samples were collected regularly during rice growing season for determination of soil inorganic nitrogen content.Rice plant and grain biomass and nitrogen content were investigated for calculation of aboveground N accumulation and N partial factor productivity(NPFP).【Results】I_(CF)Z_(0)and I_(AWD)Z_(0)treatments were recorded similar yield,aboveground N accumulation,and NPFP.I_(AWD)Z_(10)significantly increased rice aboveground N accumulation and grain yield for five consecutive years,compared to I_(CF)Z_(0).The NPFP in I_(AWD)Z_(10)was 9.67−13.44 kg/kg and 5.53−9.55 kg/kg higher than in I_(CF)Z_(0)and I_(AWD)Z_(0),the grain yield was 1.26−2.42 t/hm^(2)and 1.00−1.72 t/hm^(2)higher than in I_(CF)Z_(0)and I_(AWD)Z_(0),respectively.The aboveground biomass in I_(AWD)Z_(10)was 20.96%−31.24%,16.89%−30.44%,17.87%−25.45%,and 13.43%−21.12%higher than in I_(AWD)Z_(0)at periods of jointing−booting,heading−flowering,milky ripening,and maturing stage,respectively.The aboveground N accumulation in I_(AWD)Z_(10)was 19.92%−47.14%,14.90%−43.88%,21.68%−31.37%,and 7.18%−30.27%higher than in I_(AWD)Z_(0)at periods of jointing-booting,heading-flowering,milky ripening,and maturing stage,respectively.I_(AWD)Z_(0)was tested similar soil inorganic N with I_(CF)Z_(0)treatment,while I_(AWD)Z_(10)treatment was tested 19.88%−40.96%higher inorganic N than I_(AWD)Z_(0)treatment.The soil NH4+-N content in I_(AWD)Z_(10)was 31.83%−48.84%and 28.35%−52.80%higher than that in I_(CF)Z_(0)and I_(AWD)Z_(0)from tillering to panicle fertilizer stage,respectively.There was no significant difference between I_(AWD)Z_(0)and I_(CF)Z_(0)treatment in soil total N content after harvest.T.Treatment I_(AWD)Z_(10)significantly increased soil total N by 9.27%−11.41%after harvest,compared with I_(CF)Z_(0).This indicated that clinoptilolite did not negatively affect soil nutrients over time,but had a lasting effect instead.【Conclusions】Under alternate wetting and drying irrigation,applying clinoptilolite in large quantities has a lasting and stable effect on improving soil seasonal NH_(4)^(+)-N and total N content,thereby increasing rice aboveground N accumulation,NPFP,and yield continuously.Clinoptilolite application is recommended as a green and efficient measurement for sustainable agriculture.
作者
赵清
沙炎
王术
陈涛涛
迟道才
ZHAO Qing;SHA Yan;WANG Shu;CHEN Tao-tao;CHI Dao-cai(College of Water Resources,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110866,China;School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030,China;College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110866,China;National Institute of Biochar,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110866,China;Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shenyang,Liaoning 110866,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期922-933,共12页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52379043,51709173)
辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目青年专项(2023030237-JH2/1016)
辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1902064)。
关键词
斜发沸石
氮
干湿交替灌溉
水稻
产量
clinoptilolite
nitrogen
alternate wetting and drying irrigation
rice
yield
