四川省居民婴幼儿托育机构需求及影响因素分析被引量：1

Analysis of the Demand of Childcare Institutions among Residents in Sichuan Province and Its Influencing Factors

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摘要目的:探讨四川省居民对不同类型托育机构的需求及其影响因素,为提升托育服务的供需适配性提供政策建议。方法:本研究为横断面调查,研究对象为2020年11~12月,通过多阶段整群方便抽样获得四川全省21个市(州)183个县(市、区)准备生育或送托的城乡居民样本,由卫生健康主管部门组织社工对调查对象实施自填电子问卷。对居民托育机构需求类型、可能的影响因素进行统计描述,采用卡方检验和二元Logistic回归分析进行统计检验。结果:本研究共纳入19 934名调查对象。户籍、居住地、收入水平会影响居民对托育机构需求,其中户籍为城镇的居民相较于乡村居民,更多选择企事业单位内设托育机构(OR=1.49,95%CI:1.34~1.67);居住地为主城区,城乡结合区,乡、镇的居民,相较乡村的居民,更多选择企事业单位内设托育机构(主城区:OR=1.94,95%CI:1.62~2.32;城乡结合区:OR=1.64,95%CI:1.35~1.98;乡、镇:OR=1.78,95%CI:1.53~2.08)和商业民办托育机构(主城区:OR=2.83,95%CI:2.27~3.53;城乡结合区:OR=2.64,95%CI:2.10~3.32;乡、镇:OR=1.42,95%CI:1.16~1.74);居住为主城区、城乡结合区的居民,相对于乡村居民,更多选择小区内家庭托育(主城区:OR=1.24,95%CI:1.02~1.51;城乡结合区:OR=1.35,95%CI:1.11~1.64);家庭月收入小于1万元的居民(69.92%),相对于3万元以上的居民(10.22%),选择商业民办托育机构更少(OR=0.67,95%CI:0.55~0.81);家庭月收入1~3万元的居民(19.87%),相对于3万元以上的居民(10.22%),选择幼儿园内设托育机构更少(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.74~0.96)。结论:应大力发展幼儿园内设托育并以之为主体;鼓励有条件的企事业单位内设托育机构;适度发展小区内家庭托育点和商业民办托育机构。 Objective To understand the demand of residents in Sichuan Province for different types of childcare institutions and its influencing factors,and provide policy recommendations for improving the supply-demand adaptability of childcare services.Methods From November to December 2020,samples of urban and rural residents were obtained through multi-stage cluster sampling method from 183 counties(cities,districts)of 21 cities(prefectures)in Sichuan Province,who were preparing to give birth or receive care.Statistical description was made to explore different demand for childcare institutions among residents and possible influencing factors.Chi square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used for statistical testing.Results A total of 19334 survey subjects were included.Registered residence,place of residence and income level would affect residents'demand for childcare institutions.Compared with residents registered as rural population,the registered urban population more chose childcare facilities in enterprises.Compared with residents living in rural areas,residents living in urban areas,suburbs and towns were more likely to choose childcare facilities in enterprises and commercial private childcare institutions.Compared with residents living in rural areas,residents living in urban areas,suburbs and towns were more likely to choose residential family childcare centers.Compared with residents with a total monthly household income of more than 30000 yuan,residents with a monthly household income of less than 10000 yuan chose fewer commercial private childcare institutions,and residents with a monthly household income of 10000 to 30000 yuan chose fewer childcare facilities in kindergartens.Conclusion It is necessary to vigorously develop and prioritize the establishment of childcare facilities in kindergartens,encourage enterprises with resources to establish childcare institutions,and moderately develop residential family childcare centers and commercial private childcare institution.