摘要
2021年11月-2022年4月,在宁夏中卫沙坡头国家级自然保护区利用生态网络监控系统对白尾海雕Haliaeetus albicilla的种群数量、活动范围及在巢期间的日间行为特征进行调查。结果显示,白尾海雕主要在保护区内的湖泊和鱼塘活动,越冬种群数量约为10只。在巢日间行为可划分为6类20种,各行为在越冬不同时期和日间不同时段的时间分配存在差异,警戒是最主要的行为,并在越冬后期的时间最长;成体间的警戒、理巢等行为时间分配存在显著差异。白尾海雕的警戒、保养、休息等行为日间变化存在节律性,警戒行为在08∶00—09∶00均较为活跃,保养行为在10∶00—13∶00较活跃。相关性结果表明,警戒行为与湿度呈负相关,但与温度和风速呈正相关;风速也显著影响在巢的休息和觅食行为。这表明白尾海雕越冬期的日间在巢行为以警戒和保养为主,其特征和节律性与环境和个体本身有关。本研究为白尾海雕越冬期的保护和管理提供了科学数据。
From November 2021 to April 2022 in the Shapotou National Nature Reserve,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,the population density,activity range and diurnal behavioral characteristics of white-tailed eagles(Haliaeetus albicilla)during nesting were studied by using the ecological network monitoring system.The results showed that H.albicilla was distributed in lakes and fish ponds in the reserve during the day,with a wintering population of about 10 individuals.The daily behaviors of H.albicilla during nesting could be classified into 6 categories and 20 species.The behavior time budgets was different between different periods of overwintering and different periods of daytime.Specifically,alerting was the most dominant behavior during nesting,and the time budget of which was the longest in late overwintering.There were significant differences in the behavior time budgets between adults,such as alerting and trimming.In addition,the alert-ing,maintaining,and resting behaviros showed daily rhythms,with alerting being more active from 08∶00 to 09∶00,and maintaining being more active from 10∶00 to 13∶00.Furthermore,alerting was negatively correlated with humidity,but positively correlated with temperature and wind speed.Wind speed also significantly affected the time budgets of resting and foraging.Overall,the daily behavior characteristics of H.albicilla during nesting were influenced by environment and the individuals themselves during the wintering period.Alerting and maintaining were the dominant daily behaviors of H.albicilla during nesting.The present study provides scientific data for the conservation and management of H.albicilla during the wintering period.
作者
李文静
牛金帅
杨英
陈晓东
杨贵军
LI Wenjing;NIU Jinshuai;YANG Ying;CHEN Xiaodong;YANG Guijun(School of Sciences,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Shapotou National Nature Reserve Administration,Zhongwei,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 755000,China)
出处
《四川动物》
北大核心
2024年第3期284-293,共10页
Sichuan Journal of Zoology
基金
生态保护与修复领域建设项目沙坡头保护区保护与监测项目(2103-640502-64-01-284340)。
关键词
白尾海雕
越冬期
行为时间分配
行为节律
Haliaeetus albicilla
wintering period
behavior time budget
daily behavior rhythm
