摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平水煮亚麻籽对蛋鸡生长性能、蛋品质、蛋黄脂肪酸沉积和血清生化指标的影响。采用单因素试验设计,选取产蛋后期(52周龄)、体重[(2.05±0.06)kg]和产蛋率[(72.4±0.5)%]接近的海蓝褐蛋鸡1620只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复45只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,未处理组在基础饲粮中添加4%未处理亚麻籽,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组在基础饲粮中分别添加4%、8%、12%、16%水煮亚麻籽。预试期1周,正试期5周。结果显示:1)饲粮中相同亚麻籽添加水平下,未处理组产蛋率显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和对照组的产蛋率显著高于试验Ⅳ组(P<0.05),且试验Ⅱ组最高。与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组平均蛋重显著升高(P<0.05)。与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组蛋料比均显著下降(P<0.05)。2)在饲粮中添加不同水平水煮亚麻籽对蛋形指数、蛋清比例和蛋黄比例无显著影响(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组哈氏单位显著提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组无显著差异(P>0.05),试验Ⅳ组显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组蛋壳强度均显著提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅳ组无显著差异(P>0.05),试验Ⅰ组显著高于未处理组(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组蛋黄中ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量显著提高(P<0.05),ω-6/ω-3 PUFA值显著降低(P<0.05);与其他组相比,试验Ⅱ组二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量最高,且ω-6/ω-3 PUFA值最低。与未处理组相比,试验Ⅰ组蛋黄中DHA、ω-3 PUFA含量显著升高(P<0.05),而ω-6/ω-3 PUFA值显著降低(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加不同水平水煮亚麻籽可显著降低蛋鸡血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂肪酸(LDL)含量和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性(P<0.05),且试验Ⅱ组TC、TG和LDL含量及AST、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性最低,试验Ⅳ组TG含量显著升高(P<0.05),AST和ALT活性相比于试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组显著升高(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ组血清TC、TG含量及AST、ALT活性均显著低于未处理组(P<0.05)。5)未处理组鸡蛋中ω-3 PUFA的沉积效率和每枚鸡蛋ω-3 PUFA、DHA沉积量均显著低于其他试验组(P<0.05)。由此得出,本试验条件下,在饲粮中添加水煮亚麻籽最适宜添加水平为6.2%~11.0%,可以有效地在蛋黄中富集DHA、α-亚麻酸(ALA)等ω-3 PUFA,且对蛋品质无不良影响,还可提高生长性能,改善产蛋后期蛋鸡(55周龄)血脂指标、肝脏功能。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary different levels of boiled flaxseed on growth performance,egg quality,yolk fatty acid enrichment and serum biochemical indexes of marine blue brown laying hens.A single-factor experimental design was used to select 1620 Hyline brown laying hens with similar body weight[(2.05±0.06)kg]and laying rate[(72.4±0.5)%]at late laying period were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 45 hens per replicate.The control group was fed a basal diet,the untreated group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 4% untreated flaxseed,and the trial groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed a basal diet supplemented with 4%,8%,12% and 16% boiled flaxseed,respectively.The pre-test period was 1 week,and the experimental period was 5 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)under the same dietary flaxseed supplemental level,the laying rate of untreated group was significantly lower than that of trial group Ⅰ(P<0.05),and the laying rate of trial groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and control group was significantly higher than that of trial group Ⅳ(P<0.05),and the highest was in trial group Ⅱ.Compared with the control group,the average egg weight of trial groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with trial group Ⅰ,the egg to feed ratio of trial groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly decreased(P<0.05).2)Different levels of boiled flaxseed had no significant effects on egg shape index,egg white ratio and yolk ratio(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the Haugh unit of trial group Ⅱ was significantly increased(P<0.05),no significant effect was found in trial groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ(P>0.05),and the Haugh unit of trial group Ⅳ was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the eggshell strength of trial groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ was also significantly increased(P<0.05),and there was no significant effect in group Ⅳ(P>0.05),and the eggshell strength of trial group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of the untreated group(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,the yolk of trial groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ exhibited a significant increase inω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)content(P<0.05),while the ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio significantly decreased(P<0.05).Among all groups,trial groupⅡhad the highest docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)content and the lowest ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio.Additionally,compared with the untreated group,trial group Ⅰ showed a significant increase in DHA and ω-3 PUFA contents with a simultaneous decrease inω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio(P<0.05).4)Compared with the control group,adding different levels of boiled flaxseed into diets resulted in a significant decrease in total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein(HDL),low-density lipoprotein(LDL)contents,as well as aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity in serum of laying hens(P<0.05).Trial group Ⅱ had the lowest TC,TG,LDL contents along with AST and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activities;however,TG content in trial group Ⅳ significantly increased(P<0.05),serum AST and ALT activities were significantly higher than those of trial groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P<0.05).Furthermore,the serum TC and TG contents along with AST and ALT activities were significantly lower in trial groupⅠcompared with those of untreated group(P<0.05).5)The ω-3 PUFA deposition efficiency and the ω-3 PUFA and DHA deposition amount per egg of the untreated group were significantly lower than those of other groups(P<0.05).In this study,under the conditions of this experiment,the optimal addition amount of boiled flaxseed in the diet is 6.2% to 11.0%,which can effectively enrich ω-3 PUFA such as DHA and ALA in egg yolk.It has no adverse effect on egg quality,and can improve the growth performance,blood lipid indexes and liver function of laying hens(55-weeks-old)in late laying period.
作者
米拓
杜丽英
张凯
赵睿
张伯池
杨春雷
郭凯
张丽红
郭锦龙
刘开永
宋献艺
MI Tuo;DU Liying;ZHANG Kai;ZHAO Rui;ZHANG Bochi;YANG Chunlei;GUO Kai;ZHANG Lihong;GUO Jinlong;LIU Kaiyong;SONG Xianyi(College of Animal Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030800,China;Fangshan County Education Science and Technology Development Center,Lvliang 033100,China;Pianguan Yongao Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Xinzhou 036400,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期2370-2382,共13页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
蛋鸡高效养殖及功能性鸡蛋生产关键技术推广(2021CGZH-2-31)
蛋鸡无抗养殖及高品质鸡蛋生产关键技术推广(202104021301014)
蛋鸡智慧养殖与高品质鸡蛋品牌打造技术体系集成示范(2022XDHZ17)
山西省现代农业产业体系鸡产业体系(23142Y0203004)。
