摘要
【目的】探明影响大果山楂种子萌发的因素,找出大果山楂萌发的最佳条件,为大果山楂的规模化育苗提供科学依据。【方法】以大果山楂种子为研究材料,进行物理处理和化学处理2种试验,物理处理采用不同浸种时间(0 d、1 d、2 d、3 d、4 d、5 d)、土壤含水量(70%、50%、30%)、播种深度(0 cm、1 cm、2 cm、3 cm、4 cm)、光照(黑暗、变光)、基质(沙土、肥土、黄土、混合土、珍珠岩)进行试验,化学处理采用赤霉素正交试验,研究不同处理方式对种子的发芽率、发芽势及发芽滞时的影响。【结果】物理处理情况下,随着浸种时间(0~4 d)的增加种子发芽率随之递增,发芽滞时缩短,浸种时间为4 d时种子发芽率最高(97.33%),浸种时间为1 d时发芽势最高(70.67%);土壤含水量为70%时种子发芽率最高,为82.33%,随着土壤含水量减少,发芽率降低、发芽滞时延长;随着播种深度增加发芽率及发芽势先升后降,发芽滞时延长,播种深度为1 cm时发芽率、发芽势最高,播种深度0 cm时发芽时间最快;黑暗条件下有利于种子的发芽及缩短发芽所需时间;播种于肥土中种子的发芽率最高,在沙土中播种可减少发芽时间。在化学处理情况下,在赤霉素正交试验中,对发芽率影响排列顺序为B(浸种方式)>A(赤霉素浓度)>D(层积时间)>C(浸种时间),最优组合方式为A1B2C2D2,即赤霉素浓度在50 mg/L,浸种中层积,浸种时间12 d,层积时间60 h时发芽效果最好。【结论】物理处理和化学处理均可提高大果山楂的萌发率。应季栽种时,可利用物理处理方法,播种前利用常温清水对大果山楂种子浸种4 d后播种在肥土中1 cm深处,保持黑暗条件,3 d浇1次水;提前栽植或反季栽种时,可利用化学方法处理,播种前,先室内低温层积,在层积过程中利用50 mg/L赤霉素溶液浸种12 h,浸种后继续层积满60 h。
【Objective】The factors affecting the germination of Malus doumeri seeds were explored,and the optimum conditions for M.doumeri germination were found,which provided the scientific basis for the large-scale seedling breeding of M.doumeri.【Method】Using M.doumeri seeds as the test materials,physical and chemical treatments were carried out.The physical treatment included different soaking time(0 d,1 d,2 d,3 d,4 d,5 d),soil water content(70%,50%,30%)and sowing depth(0 cm,1 cm,2 cm,3 cm,4 cm),light(dark,variable light)and substrate(sandy soil,fertile soil,loess,mixed soil,perlite)and gibberellin orthogonal test was adopted in the chemical treatment.The effects of different treatments on seed germination rate,germination potential and germination delay of seeds were studied.【Result】Under the physical treatment,the germination rate increased with the increase of soaking time(0—4 d)and the germination lag time shortened.The germination rate was the highest(97.33%)when the seed was soaked for 4 d,and the germination potential was the highest(70.67%)when the seed was soaked for 1 d.When the soil water content was 70%,the germination rate was the highest(82.33%).With the decrease of soil water content,the germination rate decreased and the germination lag time increased.With the increase of sowing depth,germination rate and germination potential first increased and then decreased,the germination lag time increased.The germination rate and germination potential were the highest when the sowing depth was 1 cm,and the germination time was the fastest when the sowing depth was 0 cm.The dark condition was conducive to the germination and shorten the germination time of seeds.The germination rate of seeds sowing in fertile soil was the highest,and the germination time can be reduced in sandy soil.Under the chemical treatment,the influence of gibberellin on germination rate was B(soaking method)>A(gibberellin concentration)>D(stratification time)>C(soaking time),and the optimal combination was A1B2C2D2,which the germination effect was the best when the gibbere-llin concentration was 50 mg/L,stratification in seed soaking,soaking for 12 d,and 60 h of stratification time.【Conclusion】Under both physical and chemical treatments,the germination rate of M.doumeri could be increased.The physical treatment can be used to soak the M.doumeri seeds with normal-temperature water before sowing for 4 d,and then sow the seeds in the deep soil of 1 cm,keep the dark condition,and water once every 3 days.When planting in advance or in off-season,the seeds can be treated by chemical methods.Before sowing,the seeds should be stratified at low temperature in the room.During the stratification process,the seeds should be soaked with 50 mg/L of gibberellin solution for 12 h,and the seeds should continue to stratify for 60 h after soaking.
作者
胡真真
史艳财
蒋忠林
梁惠
韦霄
邓丽丽
HU Zhenzhen;SHI Yancai;JIANG Zhonglin;LIANG Hui;WEI Xiao;DENG Lili(Guangxi Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Guiling,Guangxi 541006;Quanzhou Forestry Bureau,Quanzhou,Guangxi 541503,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
CAS
2024年第3期6-14,共9页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家林业和草原局重点研发项目(GLM〔2021〕037号)。
关键词
大果山楂
种子
发芽率
发芽势
发芽滞时
赤霉素
浸种
层积
Malus doumeri
seeds
germination rate
germination potential
germination lag time
gibberellin
seed soaking
stratification
