摘要
记述了白蜡树毁灭性蛀干害虫——多孔横沟象Pimelocerus perforatus在商河县的生活史和发生危害等基本生物学、生态学特性。1a发生1~2代,10~11月以成虫在树干基部周围土中、以3~7龄幼虫在干基和根颈部蛀害处越冬。整个树木生长期均可见成虫和幼虫栖息危害。越冬成虫最早3月下旬,多4月上旬开始出蛰。成虫寿命长,大部分可存活100~400 d,部分个体超600~800 d。全年有3个成虫高峰期,分别为4月上中旬或中下旬的越冬成虫出蛰集中期、6月中下旬至7月上旬的越冬代新成虫羽化集中期、8月中下旬至9月上中旬的第1代成虫羽化集中期。成虫具上下树习性、假死性和一定趋光性,雌性比平均0.47。成虫喜阴暗潮湿环境,不耐高温干燥。成虫一生可交配数十次,1头雌成虫62 d内可产卵42 d次、88粒,29℃室温条件下卵历期平均7.9 d(6.2~11.5)。成虫主要产卵于根颈部皮层或干基表面的皮缝间或伤口处,产卵后用粪屑将卵粘连覆盖或半覆盖。初步测定幼虫有7龄,1~4龄幼虫在皮下和韧皮部及木质部浅层蛀害,5~7龄幼虫在木质部蛀害形成坑道。明确多孔横沟象的基本生物学、生态学特性对预测预报和综合防治具有重要意义。
The basic biological and ecological characteristics of the destructive stem-boring pest Pimelocerus perforatus of ash trees were described in Shanghe county,including life history,occurrence and damage characteristics.The insect had 1~2 generations a year in Shanghe county,and overwinter as adults in the ground soil around the base of ash tree trunk and 3rd to 7th instar larvae in the areas where the tree trunk base and infested root neck from October to November.Adults and larvae of P.perforatus can be found throughout the entire growth period of the ash tree.The overwintering adults were first discovered in late March,and most adults began to appear in early April.The adult of P.perforatus has a long longevity,with most surviving for 100~400 days and some individuals exceeding 600~800 days.There are three peak periods for adult of P.perforatus throughout the year,including the concentration period of overwintering adults in early to mid or mid to late April,the concentration period of overwintering new adult from mid to late June to early-July,and the concentration period of the first generations adults from mid to late August to mid-September.The adult of P.perforatus has the habit of climbing up and down trees,death-feigning,and certain phototaxis,with an average female ratio of 0.47.The adult of P.perforatus prefer the environments with dark and humid,and are not resistant to high temperatures and dryness.The adult of P.perforatus can mate dozens of times over their lifetime.A female adult can lay eggs for 42 day-times and 88 eggs within 62 days,with an average egg duration of 7.9 days(6.2~11.5)at temperature of 29℃.The eggs of P.perforatus are laid in the bark layer at the root neck,crevices or wounds on the surface of the ash trunk base,and are covered or partially covered with fecal debris.Preliminary determination result showed that the larvae have 7 instars.1~4th instar larvae damage the bark and shallow layers of the phloem and xylem,while 5~7th instar larvae damage the xylem and form tunnels.Clarifying the basic biological and ecological characteristics of P.perforatus is of great significance for prediction,forecasting,and comprehensive control.
作者
闫家河
赵燕
刘子业
季英超
夏明辉
王涛
王海咏
郭宇豪
宋晨语
杨启萌
乔玮
梁玉婷
YAN Jiahe;ZHAO Yan;LIU Ziye;JI Yingchao;XIA Minghui;WANG Tao;WANG Haiyong;GUO Yuhao;SONG Chenyu;YANG Qimeng;QIAO Wei;LIANG Yuting(Forestry Conservation and Development Center of Shanghe County,Shanghe Shandong 251600;Jinan Academy of Landscape Architecture and Forestry,Jinan Shandong 250102;College of Forestry of Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an Shandong 271018;Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center of Sunji Town,Shanghe County,Shanghe Shandong 251600)
出处
《山东林业科技》
2024年第1期47-59,75,共14页
Journal of Shandong Forestry Science and Technology
关键词
多孔横沟象
白蜡树
生活史
成虫寿命
生活习性
发生规律
Pimelocerus perforates
Fraxinus spp.
life history
adult longevity
life habits
occurrence regularity
