摘要
为有效破解涉黑财产的证明困难,《中华人民共和国反有组织犯罪法》创设了涉黑财产证明简化机制。该机制构建了有证据和高度可能的涉黑财产指控标准,对被告人提出说明财产合法来源的要求,但是这些标准和要求的内涵并不明确,导致控辩双方在涉黑财产证明的证据标准、证明标准和证明责任等方面存在较大分歧。在国家公权力主导的涉黑财产证明中,该机制极易过度简化涉黑财产的证明,引发不当降低涉黑财产指控标准,违背存疑有利于被告人原则,造成涉黑财产裁判的非实质化等风险。防控涉黑财产证明简化的风险,应当坚持公诉机关承担涉黑财产的证明责任,适当规范公诉机关涉黑财产指控的证据标准和证明标准。明确被告人不承担涉黑财产合法性的证明责任,仅负担与定罪量刑无关且性质不明财产合法来源的说明义务。
In order to effectively solve the difficulty of proof of gang-related property effectively,Anti-Organized Crime Law of the People s Republic of China created a simplified mechanism of the proof of gang-related property.This mechanism constructs the standards for the accusation of tried-property with evidence and high probability,and puts forward the requirements for the defendant to explain the legal source of the property.However,the connotation of these standards and requirements is unclear,resulting in large differences between the prosecution and the defense in the evidentiary standards,proof standards and proof responsibility of the proof of gang-related property.In the proof of gang-related property dominated by the state public power,this mechanism is very easy to oversimplify the proof of gang-related property,which leads to the risk of improperly lowering the charge standard of gang-related property,violating the principle of favoring the defendant with doubt,and causing the non-substantive judgment of gang-related property.To prevent and control the risk of simplifying the proof of gang-related property,we should insist that the public prosecution organ bear the proof responsibility of gang-related property,and properly regulate the evidence standards and proof standards of the public prosecution organ s charges of gang-related property.And it is necessary to clear that the defendant does not bear the burden of proving the legality of the gang-related property,but only bears the obligation to explain the legal source of the property which has nothing to do with conviction and sentencing and whose nature is unknown.
作者
姚显森
张遥远
YAO Xiansen;ZHANG Yaoyuan(School of Law,Henan University,Kaifeng 475000,Henan,China)
出处
《华南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
2023年第6期92-102,共11页
Journal of South China University of Technology(Social Science Edition)
基金
河南省哲学社会科学规划年度项目“黄河流域环境犯罪类案类判问题研究”(2021BFX016)
河南省高校人文社会科学一般项目“刑事程序权利体系化研究”(2024-ZZ JH-003)
河南大学研究生教育创新与质量提升工程项目“涉黑财产证明简化机制研究”(SYLYC2023018)。
关键词
反有组织犯罪法
涉黑财产
证明简化
证明虚化
Anti-Organized Crime Law
gang-related property
proof simplification
proof nullification
