摘要
应收账款作为权利质押的标的是世界银行营商环境评价指标的组成部分。《动产和权利统一登记办法》将非以合同为基础但具有金钱给付内容的应收账款排除在质押登记范围之外不符合世行便利市场主体“获取金融服务”指标的设立初衷。在“公法之债亦是债”的理念支撑下,以及在上位法《中华人民共和国民法典》并未限定应收账款范围的前提下对合同以外的私法之债进行筛选,将该类应收账款纳入质押登记范围在法理上是没有障碍的,该权利设置定位于对金融权利的保护及金融权力的限制。基于对各方利益的衡平保护,该类应收账款应排除人身性、具有可能性和确定性,并明确出质人的保障与审查义务、质权人的实质审查义务以及登记机构的形式审查义务。同时,应借鉴国外经验,从立法、执法、司法层面作出相应的法律回应,着力扩展担保品范围,增强融资担保的可操作性,助力营商环境建设。
Accounts receivable,as a pledge of rights,is a part of the World Bank's business environment evaluation index."Personal Property and Rights Unified Registration Measures"excludes the accounts receivable that is not on the basis of the contract but have money payment content from the pledge registration,which does not conform to the World Bank's original intention of setting the index that facilitates market entities'access to financial services.In the concept of"the debt of public law is debt",and under the premise that the host law,the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China,does not limit the scope of accounts receivable,there is no legal barriers to filter the debt of private law other than those under contract and include such accounts receivable in the pledge registration,which is set to protect the financial right and limit the financial power.Based on the equitable protection of the interests of all parties,such receivables shall exclude aspects as follows:being personal,possibility and certainty,and clarify the guarantee and review obligations of the pledgor,the substantive examination obligations of the pledgee and the formality examination obligations of the registration authority.At the same time,we should learn from foreign experience and make corresponding legal response in terms of legislation,law enforcement and justice,seeking for a wider range of collateral,more workable financing guarantees,and a more enabling business environment.
出处
《中国政法大学学报》
CSSCI
2023年第6期154-165,共12页
Journal Of CUPL
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“个人信息的数据化商业利用权益冲突问题研究”(项目批准号:22BFX083)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
营商环境
应收账款
公法之债
质押登记
business environment
accounts receivable
the debt of public law
pledge registration
