摘要
针对削弱爆炸恐怖袭击危害这一公共安全领域的热点难题,开展新型削/防爆结构的研究刻不容缓。聚氨酯泡沫具有密度低、微观结构易设计、在爆炸载荷作用下不会产生二次杀伤性破片等优点,在新型削爆结构方面具有良好的应用前景。基于削弱爆炸危害的研究背景,搭建了定向冲击波流场装置对聚氨酯平板进行爆炸加载实验,并通过流固耦合数值模拟对实验进行了验证。在此基础上,利用已验证的模拟方法针对聚氨酯(polyurethane,PU)、水体环形复合屏障面向内爆炸载荷的削弱效应进行了模拟分析。以屏障的总体积相等作为设计前提,对比了PU/水、水、水/PU这3种屏障的冲击波削弱性能,并分析了聚氨酯密度对性能的影响规律。结果表明:削爆屏障的存在迫使冲击波发生反射、绕射、透射以及波与波之间的相互作用。相比于纯水屏障,PU/水屏障在自重下降32%的同时,依然能够有效削减冲击波峰值(可达13.3%),主要利用了内侧聚氨酯波的低阻抗来降低冲击波的反射强度。
In view of the hot problem of reducing the harm of explosive terrorist attacks in public security field,the research on explosion-proof structures is urgent.Polyurethane foam has the advantages of being lightweight,has excellent mechanical properties,and can avoid secondary debris damage.It has a good application prospect in the new explosive disposal equipment.Based on the research background of explosion hazard reduction,the mechanism and effectiveness of shock wave weakening of polyurethane foam and polyurethane-based composite barriers need to be investigated.The microstructure and mechanical properties of porous polyurethane were tested firstly.It was to obtain the basic parameters and contribute to construct the simulation model of the samples with different densities(100-300 kg/m3).A directional flow field device was set up to impact the polyurethane plate and the feasibility of the corresponding numerical model was analyzed to study its protective performance against the plane shock wave.On this basis,the weakening effect of the polyurethane-water annular composite barrier under internal explosive loading was analyzed numerically by using the verified numerical model.The design premise was that the total volume of barriers was equal,and the shockwave weakening performances of PU/water,pure water and water/PU barriers were compared.The influence of polyurethane density on shock wave weakening performance was analyzed.The results show that the existence of a barrier forces the shock wave to reflect,diffract,transmit and interact with each other.Compared with a pure water barrier,the PU/water barrier can effectively reduce shock wave peak(up to 13.3%)when the total mass decreases by 32%.This is mainly because of the lower impedance of the inner polyurethane foam,which can reduce the strength of the shock wave reflected back from the barrier wall.Under current simulation conditions,it is more effective for the protection of corresponding barrier when the density of PU is 200 kg/m3 in the PU/water barrier.
作者
周颖
黄广炎
王涛
解亚宸
张旭东
ZHOU Ying;HUANG Guangyan;WANG Tao;XIE Yachen;ZHANG Xudong(School of Mechatronics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Chongqing Innovation Center,Beijing Institute of Technology,Chongqing 401120,China;Aozhuo New Materials Co.,Ltd.,Tengzhou 277599,Shandong,China)
出处
《爆炸与冲击》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期136-149,共14页
Explosion and Shock Waves
基金
国家自然科学基金(11772059)
国家重点研发计划(2017yfc0822304)。
关键词
多孔聚氨酯泡沫
削爆屏障
爆炸冲击
冲击波削弱
polyurethane foam
explosion-proof barrier
explosion impact
shock wave weakening
