摘要
我国农业生产面临秸秆数量不断增加和土地耕层浅、底层土壤紧实、肥力低下等突出问题。过去对农业用地的管理集中于表层土壤,直到近年来对深层土壤进行管理逐渐受到了学者的重视,也出现了各种创新的田间措施。秸秆富集深层还田就是一项新型高效的秸秆管理措施,在利用秸秆资源来改良土壤结构、培肥深层地力和提高作物产量等方面优势突出。该模式能够打破犁底层避免土壤压实、缓解微生物与作物争夺氮素、减轻秸秆还田对播种和出苗质量的负面影响,提升农田耕层土壤质量,实现秸秆资源的高质高效利用。秸秆富集深层还田为集约化农业生产提供了切实可行的秸秆田间处理和土地健康保育手段,对我国高质量农业发展具有现实意义。本文介绍了秸秆富集深层还田技术,归纳了秸秆富集深层还田的技术特点、研究进展和应用潜力,综述了秸秆深层还田对土壤容重、孔隙度、土壤水分、团聚体结构、养分、有机碳、盐分、微生物、酶活性和作物产量的影响及机制,并在此基础上提出了今后的研究重点,为进一步深入探究秸秆深层还田技术和耕地保育提供参考依据。
China’s agricultural production is facing the problems of increasing amounts of straw,shallow plow layers,low fertility,and compacted soils.In the past,the management of agricultural land concentrated on topsoil,resulting in the emergence of these phenomena.Until recently,the management of deep soils has received considerable attention from researchers,and various innovative field measures have emerged.The deep incorporation of enriched straw is a novel and efficient straw management approach that has advantages for the efficient use of crop residues,improvement of soil fertility and productivity,and enhancement of agricultural soil quality.This approach can break-up compacted soil in the bottom layer of the plow,alleviate the problem of microorganisms competing with crops for nitrogen,mitigate the negative effects on the quality of sowing and seedlings,improve the quality of soil in cultivated farmlands,and realize the high-quality and efficient use of straw resources.The deep incorporation of enriched straw provides a practical means for straw field treatment and land health conservation for intensive agricultural production in China.This study introduces a new straw return approach,the deep incorporation of enriched straw,summarizes the technical characteristics,results,research progress,and application potential of the novel approach and reviews the effects and mechanisms of deep straw incorporation on soil physical,chemical,and biological properties.Finally,we propose future priorities for the in-depth exploration of this novel approach,which will contribute to the longterm conservation of farmland.
作者
饶越悦
周顺利
黄毅
窦森
代红翠
温媛
RAO Yueyue;ZHOU Shunli;HUANG Yi;DOU Sen;DAI Hongcui;WEN Yuan(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei,Wuqiao 061802,China;College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期1579-1587,共9页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500500)
国家自然科学基金项目(31901472)
国家玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02-16)资助。
关键词
秸秆富集深层还田
土壤深层培肥
耕地保育
作物生产
Deep incorporation of enriched straw
Deep soil fertility improvement
Arable land fertility management
Crop production
