摘要
在科技自立自强与我国高等教育事业繁荣发展的大背景下,深入研究大学学科结构这一概念的内涵,并通过量化结果探讨其与综合办学水平之间的关联,具有重要的研究价值。本研究依据斯特林多样性理论,设计了学科规模指数、学科均衡指数、学科特色指数,以及学科结构多样性指标,定量分析了我国137所“双一流”建设高校的学科结构多维特征,并结合第四轮学科评估和国内三种大学排名的结果,使用灰色关联分析方法对其进行了可靠性检验。研究发现,学科结构不具有价值单调性,且与传统的学科排名存在显著差异,具有成为新型评价工具的可能。具体而言,大学办学实力与学科规模指数相关性较强,而与均衡、特色指数相关性较弱。未来对大学学科结构的优化需要弱化排名带来的功利导向,避免过度追求学科规模,而应强调学科均衡发展与特色建设,从而提升大学的办学水平。
Against the backdrop of technological self-reliance and prosperous development of higher education in China,conducting an in-depth research on the concept of university discipline structure and discussing its correlation with overall academic performance through quantitative analysis hold significant research value.This study follows Stirling's diversity theory,designs four quantitative indices(i.e.discipline scale,discipline balance,discipline specialty,and discipline structure variety)and carries a quantitative analysis of multidimensional features of discipline structures at 137 universities listed in the"Double World-Class Project"in China.Reliability testing is performed by using grey relation analysis with reference to the results of the fourth round of discipline evaluation and three domestic university rankings.This study finds that discipline structure is not monotonically related to academic performance and is significantly different from traditional discipline rankings,indicating that discipline structure has a potential for becoming a new evaluation tool.Specifically,academic strengths of a university are strongly correlated with its discipline scale but have weaker correlations with its discipline balance and specialty.In an effort to optimize university discipline structure in future,it is needed to downgrade the utilitarian trend of university rankings and avoid overemphasizing discipline scale.Instead,a university should place priority on balanced development and disciplinary specialties in order to enhance its overall academic strengths.
作者
张洋
朱嘉麒
同风桦
侯剑华
ZHANG Yang;ZHU Jiaqi;TONG Fenghua;HOU Jianhua(School of Information Management,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006)
出处
《大学与学科》
CSSCI
2023年第2期67-81,共15页
Universities and disciplines
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“我国科技人才评价理论、方法体系与实现机制的创新研究”(20BTQ085)
广州市科技计划项目“基于科学大数据的广州市重大科技项目评价创新体系与应用研究”(202200110015)。
关键词
学科结构
“双一流”建设
多样性理论
科学计量
大学评价
discipline structure
Double World-Class PIroject
diversity theory
scientometrics
university evaluation
