摘要
目的分析低浓度暴露地区福州市城区大气PM_(2.5)及金属组分污染特征并进行健康风险评估。方法2016年4月16日至2021年12月17日,选取福州市城区2个PM_(2.5)监测点进行每月定期采样,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定PM_(2.5)中的锑(Sb)、铝(Al)、砷(As)、铍(Be)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、硒(Se)、铊(Tl)等12种元素浓度,按美国环保局(USEPA)推荐的吸入风险评估法进行PM_(2.5)中金属组分致癌性和非致癌性风险评估。结果福州市城区PM_(2.5)日均浓度为38.50±17.88μg/m^(3),达标率79.9%(385/482);PM_(2.5)中12种元素平均水平从高到低为:Al>Pb>Mn>Cr>As>Ni>Se>Sb>Cd>Tl>Hg>Be,居前3位的Al、Pb、Mn占金属组分的95.1%,除Cr浓度超过国家环境大气质量标准111倍外,As达标率98.5%(475份),其它金属均达标;对Cr、As、Ni、Cd、Be致癌风险评价显示,福州市城区中成人群体致癌风险(ILCR值)为3.02×10^(-5),儿童群体为1.35×10^(-5),均有潜在致癌风险,风险大小依次为Cr>As>Cd>Ni>Be,成人人群中Cr、As的ILCR值分别为2.31×10^(-5)、6.04×10^(-6),其中ILCR值≥1.0×10^(-6)的占比分别为100.0%、73.4%;儿童人群中分别为1.03×10^(-5)、2.70×10^(-6),其中ILCR值≥1.0×10^(-6)的占比分别为62.9%、20.5%;非致癌风险评价中,除了儿童时期Mn的HQ>1外,其它金属HQ均≤1。结论福州市城区PM_(2.5)及金属组分污染较轻;PM_(2.5)中金属组分可增加福州市城区人群潜在致癌风险,其中Cr、As危害较大。
Objective To analyze the pollution characteristics of atmospheric PM_(2.5)and metal components in urban areas of Fuzhou City(indicate as low concentration exposure areas),and to perform a health risk assessment.Methods From April 16,2016,to December 17,2021,two PM_(2.5)monitoring sites in urban areas of Fuzhou City were selected for regular monthly sampling.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was used to determine concentrations of 12 elements including antimony(Sb),aluminum(Al),arsenic(As),beryllium(Be),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),mercury(Hg),lead(Pb),manganese(Mn),nickel(Ni),selenium(Se),and thallium(Tl).Carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk assessment of metal components in PM_(2.5)was conducted according to the inhalation risk assessment method recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA).Results The daily average PM_(2.5)concentration in Fuzhou City was 38.50±17.88μg/m3,with a compliance rate of 79.9%(385/482).The average levels of 12 elements in PM_(2.5),from highest to lowest,were Al>Pb>Mn>Cr>As>Ni>Se>Sb>Cd>Tl>Hg>Be,with the top three elements of Al,Pb,and Mn accounting for 95.1%of the metal components.Except for Cr,whose concentration exceeded 111 times higher than the national ambient air quality standard,and As,whose compliance rate was 98.5%(475 samples),all other metals met the standard.Carcinogenic risk evaluation of Cr,As,Ni,Cd,and Be showed that the carcinogenic risk(ILCR value)was 3.02×10^(5)for the adult population and 1.35×10^(5)for the child population in the urban area of Fuzhou City.The order of carcinogenic risk from highest to lowest was Cr>As>Cd>Ni>Be.In the adult population,the ILCR values of Cr and As were 2.31×10^(5)and 6.04×10^(6),of which 100.0%and 73.4%had ILCR values≥1.0×10^(6),respectively.In the child population,the ILCR values of Cr and As were 1.03×10^(5)and 1.03×10^(5),of which 62.9%and 20.5%had ILCR values≥1.0×10^(6),respectively.In the evaluation of noncarcinogenic risk based on hazard quotient(HQ),all metal HQ were≤1,except for Mn(HQ>1)in childhood.Conclusion PM_(2.5)and metal pollution in the urban area of Fuzhou City were light.Metals in PM_(2.5)can increase the potential cancer risk for people in urban areas of Fuzhou City,with Cr and As being more harmful.
作者
康池杉
宋睿涵
吴传城
康淑玲
何陈周
向建军
何欣妍
肖芸
刘宝英
KANG Chishan;SONG Ruihan;WU Chuancheng;KANG Shuling;HE Chenchou;XIANG Jianjun;HE Xinyan;XIAO Yun;LIU Baoying(Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350108,China;Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fuzhou,Fujian 350000,China)
出处
《海峡预防医学杂志》
CAS
2023年第2期9-13,共5页
Strait Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
福建省自然科学基金项目(2021J01722)
福建医科大学校级大学生创新创业项目(C21062)。
关键词
大气颗粒物
金属污染
致癌风险
吸入风险评估法
Atmospheric Particulate Matter
Metal Pollution
Carcinogenic Risk
Inhalation Risk Assessment Method
