摘要
【目的】比较上海市徐汇区2013年和2020年儿童呼吸系统及过敏性疾病的发生状况,并了解其影响因素。【方法】收集2013—2020年上海市环境空气质量监测数据并描述和比较,指标包括PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、O_(3)、SO_(2)和NO_(2)。2013年和2020年9月对上海市徐汇区一所学校的3~5年级的学生分别开展1次横断面问卷调查,调查内容包括家庭环境、生活习惯、家族史、呼吸和过敏性疾病和症状的发生情况等。比较不同时间上海市大气污染变化情况及不同时间儿童呼吸及过敏性疾病发生情况的差异,并采用单因素分析、多因素分析方法对其影响因素进行分析。【结果】共收到有效问卷1 398份(2013年705份,2020年693份)。2020年大气PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、O_(3)、SO_(2)和NO_(2)的年均浓度相较2013年显著改善。徐汇区2013年支气管哮喘、支气管炎、持续咳嗽和持续咳痰的患病率和症状发生率高于2020年(均P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,重污染年份、男生、父母有哮喘病史和过敏史、父母文化程度越高以及家中存在过敏原是支气管哮喘、支气管炎、变应性鼻炎以及特应性湿疹发生的影响因素(均P<0.05);父母有过敏史、家人吸烟频率较高以及家中存在过敏原是持续咳嗽和持续咳痰发生的影响因素(均P<0.05)。【结论】上海市大气污染2020年比2013年有所减轻,儿童支气管哮喘和支气管炎患病率有所下降;室内外环境、家族史、生活习惯等因素与儿童呼吸系统和过敏性疾病发生相关。
[Objective]To compare the incidence of respiratory and allergic diseases in children in Xuhui District,Shanghai in 2013 and 2020,and to determine the influencing factors.[Methods]Annual average levels of air pollutants including PM_(2.5),PM_(10),O_(3),SO_(2),and NO_(2) were collected and described in Shanghai from 2013 to 2020.A cross-sectional survey was conducted by using a questionnaire among grade 3 to 5 students in a school in Xuhui District,Shanghai,in September 2013 and 2020,respectively.The questionnaire collected variables including living environment,daily habits,family history of respiratory and allergic diseases,and incidence of these diseases in children.Chi-square test was used to determine the difference across respiratory and allergic diseases.Logistic regression was conducted to determine the influencing factors.[Results]A total of 1398 valid questionnaires were collected(705 in 2013 and 693 in 2020).Compared with 2013,annual average concentrations of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),O_(3),SO_(2),and NO_(2) in 2020 significantly decreased.The prevalence of bronchial asthma,bronchitis,persistent cough and persistent expectoration in 2013 were significantly higher than those in 2020(P<0.05)in Xuhui District.Multivariate analysis showed that severe air pollution,boys,parents with asthma or allergy,parents with higher educational levels,and more allergens in household were the risk factors associated with the incidence of bronchial asthma,bronchitis,allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema(P<0.05).Parents with allergy history,high smoking frequency of family member,and more allergens in household were the risk factors associated with the incidence of persistent cough and persistent expectoration(P<0.05).[Conclusion]To 2013,2020 air pollution in Shanghai has been mitigated and prevalence of bronchial asthma and bronchitis of children has decreased.Childhood respiratory and allergic diseases are associated with indoor and outdoor environment,family medical history,and family daily habits.
作者
石丽莎
陆艳梅
许东
沈先标
张莉君
陈健
SHI Lisha;LU Yanmei;XU Dong;SHEN Xianbiao;ZHANG Lijun;CHEN Jian(Division of Public Health Service and Safety Assessment,Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China;Shanghai Institute for Prevention Medicine,Shanghai 200336,China;Shanghai Putuo Institute of Health Supervision,Shanghai 200333,China;Shanghai Xuhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200237,China;Shanghai Baoshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201900,China)
出处
《上海预防医学》
CAS
2023年第6期573-579,共7页
Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
上海市科技创新行动计划-自然科学基金资助项目(19ZR1444300)
上海市卫生和计划生育委员会面上项目(20134289)
中美公共卫生人才培训项目-Fogarty基金(TW005741-07)
国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室开放基金(SEPKL-EHIAEC-202210)
上海市疾病预防控制中心“青耕计划”(2022-48)。
关键词
空气污染
儿童
呼吸系统疾病
过敏性疾病
影响因素
air pollution
children
respiratory disease
allergic disease
influencing factor
